10. RSSJ

58. Chapter 4 Water Applications

59. Typical remote sensing reflectance from the ocean a: waters with very high SS and CDOM b: high SS and CDOM c: moderate SS, CDOM, and some phytoplankton d: clear water e: moderate chlorophyll and SS f: moderate chlorophyll

60. Water quality (chlorophyll-a concentration ) distributions in the Lake Biwa and the Ise Bay (top). Water qualities (Turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentration) in the Lake Tega-numa (bottom)

61. Primary production derived by the model using three variables (a) Sea surface temperature (b) Chlorophyll-a concentration (c) Photosynthetically available radiation (d) Primary productivity H: High value L: Low value

62. Oil spill distribution on May 23, 2010 observed by PALSAR in the Gulf of Mexico

63. Warm eddies off the Sanriku observed by thermal infrared images by AVHRR (a) June 10, 1982 (b) August 15, 1982

64. Monthly mean sea surface temperatures along the equatorial Pacific from 1996.11 to 1997.6 observed by OCTS on ADEOS

65. Sea surface temperature of the Sendai Bay on 2003.05.02 by MODIS on Terra

66. Lights observed by satellite borne sensor

67. Spectral reflectance of coral reef and algae with spectral bands of Landsat ETM+ A typical spectral property of coral reef is indicated by the arrow. This spectral property is missing when the spectrum within a relatively broad band of a multispectral sensor is averaged. Bleached coral reefs can be differentiated from healthy coral reefs or seaweeds because of a high spectral reflectance.

68. The Shiraho Coral reef and its classification The distribution of coral reefs and others is ambiguous with a lower spatial resolution, as information from coral reef and bottom properties are mixed. IKONOS image with a spatial resolution of 4 m Landsat ETM+ image with a spatial resolution of 30 m

69. Sea ice extent (white areas) on September 16, 2007 and a median of sea ice distribution in September from 1979 to 2000 (a purple line polygon)

70. Sea ice concentration in the Sea of Okhotsk on February 24, 2010

71. Wind speed and direction around Typhoon 0310 in the east off Taiwan observed by the SeaWinds microwave scatterometer on ADEOS-II at 02:09Z on August 6, 2003

72. Wave patterns observed by a synthetic aperture radar

73. Sea surface height in the North Pacific on January 7, 2009

74. Surface currents estimated from the sea surface height observed by microwave altimeters on January 5, 2005

75. Missions for sea surface salinity (top) SMOS by ESA (bottom) Aquarius by NASA

76. L-band (1.413 GHz) brightness temperature as a function of sea surface temperature and salinity for vertical (top) and horizontal polarizations (bottom)

77. Algorithm to predict potential fishing fields A fishing model is generated from satellite data and catch data.

78. Prediction map of potential fishing field for monthly mean and real fishing fields (white circle)

79. Flow chart to extract possible reproduction areas

80. Possible reproduction areas of sagittated calamari in February (Red areas in the ocean)

81. Mapping the most suitable areas for scallops aquaculture

82. Analysis of infrastructure by high resolution satellite data

83. Model for appropriate scallops aquaculture (suitability of 8 levels)