1. Competency 2: Physical Science

2. Obj. 2a: Chemical Equations FRONT  NaCl H20H20  C 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2  CO 2 N2N2  CH 4 BACK  (table salt) or (sodium chloride)  (water)  (sugar/glucose)  (oxygen gas)  (carbon dioxide)  (nitrogen gas)  (methane) 1 question

3. Obj. 2a: Conservation of Mass  Law of conservation of mass:  matter cannot be created nor destroyed, therefore the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products

4. Obj. 2a: Balancing Equations  What would you have to put before the O 2 on the reactant side in order to balance the equation ? CH 4 + __ O 2 CO 2 + 2H 2 O Put answer on back

5. 2.a. Balancing Equations  Zn + 2HCl ZnCl 2 + H 2  How many hydrogen molecules will be produced if there is 1000 HCl molecules in the reactant side of this balanced equation?  Show the work on the back.

6. Obj. 2.a. Photosynthesis and Respiration Respiration 1 question oxygen + sugar carbon dioxide + water + energy 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 0 6 6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O

7. Obj. 2.a. Photosynthesis and Respiration Photosynthesis carbon dioxide + water + sunlight oxygen + glucose 6 CO 2 + 6H 2 O 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 0 6 1 question

8. Obj. 2.b. Periodic Table  Properties of Metals and nonmetals  Nonmetals: on the right side of the periodic table in groups starting at the staircase  Insulator  Brittle

9. Obj. 2.b. Periodic Table  Properties of Metals and nonmetals  Metals: on the left side of the periodic table in groups  Malleable  Good conductors  Ductile

10. 2.b. Types of Bonds  Ionic: between a metal & non-metal  Ex. NaCl Group 1 bonded to group 17

11. 2.b. Types of Bonds  Covalent: between two non-metals  Ex. CO 2 Group 14 bonded to group 16

12. 2.b. Important Groups Front  Group 17  Group 3-12  Group 1  Group 2  Metalloids- Groups 13-17 1- 2 question Back nonmetal halogens transition metals alkali metals alkaline earth metals touch the staircase & divide the metals from non-metals

13. 2b. Draw an outline of the periodic table. Label the metals and nonmetals.

14. 2b Groups  Vertical columns  Have similar properties  Group Number = number of valence electrons 7 N Nitrogen 14.007 Group 15

15. Obj. 2.b. Acids H+H+  Bond with nonmetals  HF weakest acid, HI strongest acid Less reactive, weaker bond, Stronger acid More reactive, stronger bond, weaker acid

16. Obj. 2.b. Bases  OH - (Hydroxide)  Bond with metals  Ex: NaOH, MgOH, NH 3  React with acids to form water and a salt

17. Obj. 2.b. Periodic Table  Oxidation: when a substance reacts with oxygen  Examples:  Rusting (iron oxide)  Food spoiling  Burning (fast oxidation)

18. Obj. 2.c. Motion  Speed formula – s=d/t  Constant velocity: no change in motion (balanced force)  ex. 50mi/h for an hour

19. 2.c. Speed Graphs Draw the graph on the front and label on the back. Constant speed Constant Speed

20. 2.c. Speed Graphs Draw the graph on the front and label on the back. Speeding up

21. 2.c. Speed Graphs Draw the graph on the front and label on the back. No motion

22. 2.c. Acceleration : change in motion (unbalanced force) ex. Speed up, slow down, change direction speed & velocity are the same  Label each: Speeding up at a constant rate Constant (no acceleration) Slowing down at a constant rate Acceleration graphs- put on separate card.

23. Obj. 2.f. Newton’s Laws  1 st law (law of inertia): An object at rest will stay at rest. An object in motion will stay in motion.  Ex. Car stops, but your body moves forward  An object in moving in space will continue (comet)

24. 2.f. 2 nd Law of Motion  2 nd law (F=ma) : an object will accelerate in the direction of the net force  Ex. Kick a ball upward and it moves upward  Objects with more mass require more force to move.

25. 2.f. 3 rd Law of Motion  3 rd law (action/reaction): forces always act in equal but opposite pairs  Ex. Swimming, birds flying, rockets

26. Obj. 2.d. Electrical Energy  AC currents (alternating):  used in power grids  Travel in both directions  Voltage can change with transformers  DC current (direct): only flows in one direction  Used in batteries

27. Obj. 2.d. Power Grids  Path of electricity through a power grid from high to low voltage  Power plant, substation, transformer, junction box, outlet, microwave  Power can be added to the grid if it is not used by the customer.

28. Obj. 2.d. Power Grids  Renewable resources: natural resources that can be replenished naturally with the passage of time  Wind  Solar  Hydro  Geothermal  Reduce pollution, but more expensive.

29. Obj. 2.d. Power Grids  Transformer- Increases or decreases voltage in the power grid

30. Obj. 2.d. Power Grids  generator- spins a coiled wire inside a magnetic field to produce electric current

32. Obj. 2e Electromagnetic Spectrum  List the spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest, then label the following information on the spectrum  Infrared: heat/thermal  Radio: communication – lowest energy  Gamma: treat cancer – highest energy  Visible: royGbiv- from (longest to shortest)

33. Obj. 2.e. Electromagnetic Spectrum  Ultraviolet (UV)  blocked by ozone  damage skin cells, cause skin cancer  can be used to disinfect medical equipment, rid water of bacteria or microorganisms, etc.