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Proteins
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Assumed Knowledge Amino acid structures and properties
Secondary structure (α-helix and β-sheet). Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes (cytoplasm) – covered in the genetics presentation Functions of proteins
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Amino Acids Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins There are 20 amino acids found in proteins All have a standard structure
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Properties Size – small, bulky, affects the folding of a protein Charge H – bonding Disulphide bonding between two cysteine amino acids
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Protein Structure Primary structure – the sequence of amino acids (the polypeptide chain) Secondary structure – folding into an α-helix or a β-sheet Tertiary structure – further folding of the protein Quaternary structure – association of multiple proteins to form a multi-subunit protein
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Peptide bond – bonds between the amino group and the carboxyl groups of amino acids. The bonds form with the loss of water - dehydration reaction
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α-helix - right handed coil structure with precise spacing throughout β-sheet – a lateral connection of β-strands (stretches of amino acids)
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Collagen – most abundant protein Made of three left handed helices arranged in a right-handed super helix
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Protein Function Enzymes - kinase
Transport - haemoglobin and myoglobin (O2) Storage - haemoglobin Motility - actin and myosin. Structure – collagen Defence - immunoglobulins (antibodies). Communication - Signals (insulin) and receptors (insulin receptor) Gene control - transcription factors
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