1. Musculo-skeletal System

2. Overview of musculo-skeletal system
Musculo-skeletal system is composed of:
Muscles
Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments
Tendons

3. TASK
What does the musculoskeletal system do?
Write down some ideas.

4. What does the musculoskeletal system do?
Its functions is to allow:
Movement
Maintenance of posture
Support
Protection of internal organs
Heat production

5. Muscular system

6. Muscles Three main types of muscle: Cardiac Smooth Skeletal
Heart muscle
Smooth
Found in internal organs
Skeletal
Also known as voluntary muscles
Attached to bones on the skeleton
Over 600 in the body

7. Types of voluntary muscles
Muscles work in ANTAGONISTIC pairs:
As one muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes.
There are different types of muscles. Each has a different function and they usually work in pairs.
Extensors and Flexors
Adductors and Abductors
Levators and Depressors
Constrictors

8. Types of voluntary muscles
Here are some functions the pairs of muscles. What is the function of the other half to the pair?
Extensors
open a joint
Adductors
move body part inwards
Levators
move body part upwards
Constrictors (circular muscles so do not have a pair; also called sphincter muscles)
Close openings
Flexors
Abductors
Depressors

9. Types of voluntary muscles
Muscles work in ANTAGONISTIC pairs: As one contracts the other relaxes.
Extensors
open a joint
Adductors
move body part inwards
Levators
move body part upwards
Constrictors (circular muscles so do not have a pair; also called sphincter muscles)
Close openings
Flexors
close a joint
Abductors
move body part outwards
Depressors
move body part downwards

10. A synovial joint

11. Synovial joint

12. Task: Main Parts of a Synovial Joint
Look up in the textbook or using internet resources to find the function of the following parts of a synovial joint\;
Bone
Articular Cartilage
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Ligaments
Tendons

13. Main Parts of a Synovial Joint
Bone:
Mixture of protein, collagen and minerals e.g. calcium
Articular Cartilage:
Smooth tissue which protects bones and stops them grating by reducing friction
Synovial membrane
Lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid
Synovial fluid
Acts like a lubricant, helps bones slide over each other
Ligaments
Holds bones together and prevents over extension of joint
Tendons
Connects muscle to bone

14. Movement of the forearm

15. Movement of the forearm
Muscles get shorter when they contract
Big biceps when you flex your arm!
Muscles get longer and more stretched out when they relax
Flat biceps when you put your arm down!

16. Task: making a model arm
Make the model arm and complete the worksheet.
Follow all instructions on the sheet

17. Answers to questions
When the biceps contract and the triceps relax the forearm moves upwards
When the triceps contract and the biceps relax the forearm moves downards
We call this an Antagonistic Pair, meaning as one muscle contracts the other relaxes.
Label the parts of the forearm.

18. Answers to forearm labelling

19. Skeleton

20. Skeleton functions Its functions is to allow: Movement Support
Protection of internal organs

21. Major organs and their skeletal protection: Copy & Complete
Body system
Organ
protected
Part of the skeleton
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Cardiovascular system
Renal system
Digestive system
Reproductive system

22. Major organs and their skeletal protection
Body system
Organ protected
Part of the skeleton
Nervous system
Brain
Skull
Spinal Cord
Spinal column
Sense organs e.g. Ears, eyes
Respiratory system
Lungs & bronchi
Rib cage, spinal column, sternum
Cardiovascular system
Heart & major blood vessels
Renal system
Kidneys
Rib cage and spinal column
Digestive system
Liver
Rib cage
Reproductive system
Ovaries, uterus
Pelvis