1. A History of Unethical Research

2. In the USA, before the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906 there were no regulations on performing research on humans.

3. Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1932-72) 600 black men over 40 400 had syphilis yet were not told they had it. Denied treatment Many died during study. President Clinton apologized to all of those affected and their families in 1997. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-YMdaEdbcg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-YMdaEdbcg (6:34) The Tuskegee Syphilis Study

4. Nuremberg Code (POST WWII) Laws put in place after the Nazi experiments of WWII were uncovered Researchers now must have consent from their human subjects https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GdrWIJpY2Mhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GdrWIJpY2M (10:00) National History Day 2013- State competition- The Nuremberg Code

5. "The Nazi physicians performed brutal medical experiments upon helpless concentration camp inmates. These acts of torture were characterized by several shocking features: (1) persons were forced to become subjects in very dangerous studies against their will; (2) nearly all subjects endured incredible suffering, mutilation, and indescribable pain; and (3) the experiments often were deliberately designed to terminate in a fatal outcome for their victims" (Cohen).

6. Stanley Milgram Experiment (1962) Obedience to authority Electric Shock Consequences Connections to WWII Yale University https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOYLCy5PVgMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOYLCy5PVgM (5:04) Milgram Experiment- Big History NL, threshold 6 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-fQnltrg6whttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-fQnltrg6w (9:34) Derren Brown- Milgram Experiment Ethical?

7. Zimbardo Prison Experiment (1972) Stanford University Mock prison Examining Roles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=760lwYmpXbchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=760lwYmpXbc (29:00) The Stanford Prison Experiment. Skip 2:45-4:45 about Milgram

8. And now… Institutional Review Board (IRB) established in 1974 by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare that these unlawful experiments against humans came to a halt.