1. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY:
RASHMI VAISH , MBA-HAHC (II Tri)
DIBYA DWIVEDI , MBA-FM (II Tri)

2. Let the waste of the “sick” not contaminate the lives of “The Healthy”

3. CONTENT Definition Categories of Biomedical Waste
Problem associated with Biomedical waste
Need for Biomedical Waste Management
Step to manage hazardous waste
Treatment techniques
Biomedical waste management in India
Environmental legislation
Conclusion
Summary

4. Biomedical Waste (BMW) is…
Solid waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO)
WHO estimates
85% of hospital waste is non-hazardous
10% is infectious
5% is non-infectious but consists of hazardous chemicals like methylchloride and formaldehyde.

5. TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES
WASTE CATEGORY
TYPE OF WASTE
Category No. 1
Human Anatomical Waste
Category No. 2
Animal Waste
Category No. 3
Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste
Category No. 4
Waste Sharps
Category No. 5
Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs
Category No. 6
Soiled Waste
Category No. 7
Solid Waste
Category No. 8
Liquid Waste
Category No. 9
Incineration Ash
Category No.10
Chemical Waste

6. Waste Sharps eg: Needles
Discarded medicines
Pharmaceutical Waste
Solid waste eg: cotton swabs
Human anatomical waste

7. PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMW
ORGANISM
DISEASES CAUSED
RELATED WASTE ITEM
VIRUSES
 HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A,C, Arboviruses, Enteroviruses
AIDS, Infectious Hepatitis,
Infectious Hepatitis,
Dengue, Japanese
encephalitis, tick-borne
fevers, etc.
Infected needles, body
Fluids, Human excreta, soiled linen, Blood, body fluids.
BACTERIA
Salmonella typhi,
Vibrio cholerae,
Clostridium Tetani, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus
Typhoid, Cholera, Tetanus
Wound infections,
septicemia, rheumatic
fever, endocarditis, skin
and soft tissue infections
Human excreta and
body fluid in landfills and
hospital wards, Sharps such as needles, surgical blades in hospital waste.
PARASITES
Wucheraria Bancrofti, Plasmodium
Cutaneous leishmaniasis,
Kala Azar, Malaria
Human excreta, blood and
body fluids in poorly
managed sewage system of
hospitals.

8. NEED FOR BMW MANAGMENT
Nosocomial infections in patients from poor infection control practices and poor waste management.
Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.
Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and ash.
Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers, other peoples.

9. TECHNIQUES SEGREGATION :- to segregate the wastes. Colour Coding
Type of Container
Yellow
Plastic Bag
 Red
Disinfected container/Plastic bag
Blue/
White Translucent
Plastic Bag / punch proof containers
Black

10. TRANSPORTATION
Transportation of BMW can be divided into internal and external transportation.
INTERNAL: it is for yellow ,red ,blue and white bags.
EXTERNAL: it is for the general waste collected in the black coloured plastic bags.

11. TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
PROCEDURES
MAIN FUNCTION
Incineration
burn trash and other types of waste until it is reduced to ash.
Autoclaving and Shredding
It uses a combination of heat, steam and pressure.
Chemical treatment
Using sodium hypochlorite solution, bleaching powder, savlon and then discharged into drains/sewers
Irradiation technique
Involve the expose to UV radiation and ionizing radiation

12. Bio medical waste management in India
Biomedical waste (management and handling) rule 1998, prescribed by The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt of India, came into force on 20th July 1998.
This rule applies to those who generate, collect, receive, store, dispose, treat or handle bio medical waste in any manner.
Thus bio medical waste should be segregated into containers/bags at the point of generation of waste. Thus Colour Coding & type of containers used for disposal of waste is came into existence which is shown as follows.

13. Environmental Legislation
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998
The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000
The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989
The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

15. CONCLUSION
Safe and effective management of waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.
Proper collection and segregation of biomedical waste.
Try to reduce the waste generation.
Individual awareness and participation.
Use recycle products.
Label with agent, concentration and hazard warnings.
Communicate about workplace hazards.