1. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy HAZ and Heat Input

2. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Basic Metal Structures I. Pure Metal II. Substitutional Atom III. Interstitial Atom

3. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Basic Metal Structures I. Simple Cubic II. Body Centered Cubic (BCC) III. Face Centered Cubic (FCC) Al, Cu, Ni Fe, Cr

4. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Iron-Carbon Diagram % C Temperature

5. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Mechanical Mixtures Coarse Pearlite Slow Cooling High Ductility Low Strength Fine Pearlite Moderate Cooling Moderate Ductility Moderate Strength Bainite Rapid Cooling Low Ductility High Strength Lamellar

6. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Martensite Very Rapid Cooling Martensite Carbon has no chance to diffuse Metastable Phase Acicular (Needle) Structure Lowest Ductility Highest Strength Body Centered Tetragonal BCT

7. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Tempered Martensite Heating from Martensite Carbon gets able to diffuse Some relaxation. Restore ductility Keep strength at moderate levels

8. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy HT Time Temperature Annealing Normalizing Oil Quenching Water Quenching

9. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy HT Temperature Tempering Time

10. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Solidification Coarse Grain Size Fine Grain Size Liquid

11. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Solidification Dendrites

12. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Welding Zones % C Temperature

13. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Welding Zones Temperature

14. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Welding Zones Temperature Preheat HAZ Temp.

15. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Welding Zones Two factors can control the rate of cooling: 1- Heat Input a)Power b)Traveling Speed 2- Preheat

16. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Welding Zones Three factors can not be controlled: 1- Carbon Equivalent 2- Thickness 3- Thermal Conductivity.

17. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy HAZ

18. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy HAZ and Heat Input

19. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy HAZ and Heat Input

20. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy HAZ and Heat Input

21. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy LBZ

22. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy HAZ (Grain Growth Diagram)

23. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Distortion and Residual Stresses Without Clamping

24. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Distortion and Residual Stresses Strain Stress

25. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Distortion and Residual Stresses Strain Stress

26. Dr. Eng. Hamed A. Nagy Distortion and Residual Stresses Strain Stress