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The epiphytes of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in Irish plantation forests Linda Coote, Daniel L. Kelly, Paul Dowding BIOFOREST project, Department of.

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Presentation on theme: "The epiphytes of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in Irish plantation forests Linda Coote, Daniel L. Kelly, Paul Dowding BIOFOREST project, Department of."— Presentation transcript:

1 The epiphytes of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in Irish plantation forests Linda Coote, Daniel L. Kelly, Paul Dowding BIOFOREST project, Department of Botany, Trinity College Dublin.

2 CONTEXT Forest cover in Rep. of Ireland 10% Aim to increase to 17% by 2030 Plantations of exotic conifers – Sitka spruce 50% of estate Little information on Irish plantation forest biodiversity BIOFOREST project – 5 year Impact of afforestation and forest operations on flora and fauna

3 Epiphytes Component part of BIOFOREST project Epiphytes of mature and over-mature Sitka spruce and larch (Larix spp.) Main epiphyte groups - lichens, mosses and liverworts Important part of native woodland diversity Little published information © Sylvia Sharnoff

4 AIMS To assess the diversity of epiphytes in Irish Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) plantations To examine the effects of open spaces within these forestry plantations on this diversity

5 SW Cluster E Cluster SITES KNOC CLEA REAN MEEN GLAN CARR CURA MUCK STOE BMUT ATHN LUGG SITES

6 METHODOLOGY 12 mature Sitka spruce sites 1 open space per site - 9 glades - 2 roads - 1 ride N side (S-facing) of open space 1 tree at edge, 1 in forest interior – 24 total

7 L: 130cm B: 25cm M: 1/3 height of tree U: 2/3 height of tree 25cm x 50cm plots on N & S aspect 20 plots per tree Total: 478 plots 4 branches

8 RESULTS 1. Geographical clusters – SW vs. E of Ireland 2. Effect of open space - Edge vs. Interior trees 3. Aspect - N and S side of tree 4. Vertical distribution – B to U trunk 5. Horizontal distribution – inner to outer branch

9 1. Geographical clusters

10 Species richness (91)(51)(72)

11 Species richness Total 91 species 26 found in only 1 of 478 plots 35 found on only 1 of 24 trees Only 17 species in more than 5% of plots

12 Species richness Significant difference in bryophyte spp. richness (p = 0.009) and total spp. richness (p = 0.002) between SW and E

13 Percentage cover Significant difference in average bryophyte cover (p = 0.033)

14 Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) Ordination

15 2. Effect of open spaces

16 Species richness No significant differences in species richness between edge and interior trees

17 Percentage Cover No significant differences in average percentage cover between edge and interior trees

18 NMS Ordination

19 3. Aspect

20 Species richness No significant differences in species richness between N & S side of trees

21 Percentage cover Significant difference in average lichen cover (p = 0.005) and total cover (p = 0.023)

22 4. Vertical distribution Factors which change with height - Decrease in humidity Increase in light levels Decrease in age/time for colonisation

23 Bryophytes on trunk

24 Lichens on trunk

25 Bryophytes vs. lichens Most bryophytes restricted to or mainly occurring on trunks Exceptions Ulota crispa Frullania dilatata Colura calyptrifolia

26 Bryophytes vs. lichens Most lichens found only or more frequently on branches Trunk only- Graphis scripta, Cladonia spp. More frequent on trunk- Dimerella lutea Lecanora pulicaris Lepraria incana Parmelia sulcata

27 Kindbergia praelonga

28 Hypnum jutlandicum

29 Metzgeria temperata

30 Ulota crispa

31 Hypotrachyna revoluta

32 Dimerella lutea

33 5. Horizontal Distribution Factors which change with distance from trunk: Decrease in humidity Increase in light levels Decrease in age/time for colonisation

34 Bryophytes on branches

35 Lichens on branches

36 Hypnum jutlandicum

37 Metzgeria temperata

38 Ulota crispa

39 Dimerella lutea

40 Fuscidea lightfootii

41 SUMMARY Significantly greater total spp. richness, bryophyte spp. richness & average bryophyte % cover in SW compared to E Separation of SW and E sites in NMS suggests differences in spp. composition No significant differences in spp. richness and % cover between Edge and Interior trees Some separation of Edge and Interior trees in NMS suggests differences in spp. composition

42 SUMMARY 2 No significant difference in species richness between N and S side of tree but significantly greater average lichen cover and total cover on S Difference in vertical distribution of bryophytes and lichens with overall bryophyte cover decreasing with height and overall lichen cover increasing Bryophytes more common on trunk and lichens more common on branches with some exceptions

43 SUMMARY 3 Differences in Vertical distribution of individual species on trunk and Horizontal distribution on branches, probably related to microhabitat requirements

44 Acknowledgements Dr Daniel L. Kelly, Dr Paul Dowding, Dr George F. Smith, BIOFOREST project, Department of Botany, Trinity College Dublin COFORD (National Council for Forest Research & Development) EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)

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