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Slavery in Colonial North America

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Presentation on theme: "Slavery in Colonial North America"— Presentation transcript:

1 Slavery in Colonial North America

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5 History of European Slavery
Practiced by Greek Democracies Accounted for a large portion of Roman wealth Middle Ages: house slaves common in Mediterranean region 15th century pope forbids enslaving Christians Portuguese sought access to African slave trade Used on sugar plantations on Mediterranean Islands

6 African Societies Kinship bonds Polygyny Lower birth rates
Women - higher social status than Europe Shifting cultivation Trading centers - Timbuktu Slavery was practiced but differed from European

7 Slave Trade All Western Europe nations Costal outposts
Inland raids by rival tribes English - John Hawkins, Royal African Company 1672 (loses monopoly in 1698) Independent slavers from New England Fortunes made

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11 The Middle Passage Baraccons > waiting ships
“rammed like herring into a barrel” Torn flesh 3 weeks to 3 months “the dancing slave” Sanitation? 1/6 perished Revolts Drowning

12 Olaudah Equiano

13 The 1st Slave Auction New Amsterdam, 1655

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15 North American Slavery A Society With Slaves 1619-1670’s
20 to VA in 1619 Remained low for decades Indentured servants more cost effective Society with Slaves v Slave Society Africans owning Africans?

16 North American Slavery A Slave Society 1670’s-1770’s
Indentured servitude dwindles Higher wages in Britain Better opportunity in other colonies Planters feared landless whites Inheritable slavery written into law VA slave code 1705 serves as model

17 Upper South (Chesapeake)
Tobacco Necessary? Better fed and “cared for” than Caribbean region By 1750’s 80% native born

18 Lower South Rice & Indigo Much larger plantations
S. Carolina began as slave society Georgia prohibited slavery from 1732 until 1752

19 Slavery in the North Societies with slaves Acceptable institution
Large concentrations in some areas but relatively uncommon in the countryside of NE Antislavery movement begins among Quakers (early 18thC) & in Philadelphia 1750’s

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22 Daily Life & Culture “built the South” Rural labor
Insufficient clothing = cost saving = inferior status Small farms – side by side with owner, better conditions but less autonomy Larger plantations – harder life but more autonomy

23 African Americans in colonial N. America
Family – core institution but no legal status Slave codes Sale of family members Most managed to keep family intact – more profitable for master

24 African Americans in colonial N. America
Children named for family members African names give way to Anglo names by late 18thC Kinship bonds

25 Culture E Pluribus Unum African religions until Great Awakening
Burial dances Multi-rhythmic music Guinea-English dialect

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