1. Hormones

2. Teen Steroids In The News

3. Hormones Chemical messengers
Produced in one part of the body, have an effect on another part
Carried in bloodstream

4. Chemical Signals

5. Endocrine System Hormonal system of vertebrates
Endocrine glands secrete hormones
Ductless
Empty into bloodstream
Exocrine glands
Secrete products into ducts

6. Hormone Actions Affects parts distant from gland
May affect numerous parts of the body
Effects take longer than nervous system
Effects may be long lasting

7. Types of Hormonal Control
Regulation
Response
Reproduction
Growth & development

8. Human Endocrine System

9. Hormone Activity Affect only target cells
Hormone must bind to a receptor
Receptor activates chain of events

10. Classes of Hormones
Peptide hormones
Steroid hormones

11. Hormone Regulation Feedback Loops

12. Stimulation of Endocrine Glands
Direct stimulation by nervous system
Indirect stimulation by nervous system by means of releasing hormones
Concentration of specific substances in the bloodstream

13. Pituitary Gland Secretes 9 major hormones
Hangs from the underside of the brain
Regulated by
hypothalamus

14. Hypothalamus Regulation of Pituitary
Anterior pituitary
Hypothalamus produces releasing hormones
Posterior pituitary
Neural regulation

16. Pituitary Hormones

17. Growth Hormone Controls normal growth Hypersecretion Gigantism
Acromegaly
Bones of hands & face thicken

18. Pineal Gland Embedded within brain Produces melatonin
Increase in secretion at night
Helps set circadian rhythms

19. Thyroid Gland Below level of voice box
Hormones that regulate metabolism
Most body cells have receptors
Negative feedback loop regulates release

21. Thyroid Disorders Graves disease Hyperthyroidism Rapid heart rate
Nervousness
Protrusion of eyes

22. Thyroid Disorders Goiter Hypothyroidism Slow growth
Caused by insufficient iodine in diet
Thyroid enlarges

23. Parathyroid Gland Embedded on posterior of thyroid gland
Secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)
PTH works antagonistically to Calcitonin
Calcitonin produced in Thyroid
Regulate calcium levels

25. Adrenal Glands Located on top of kidneys Each gland has two parts
Adrenal cortex (outer)
Adrenal medulla (inner)

26. Adrenal Hormones Adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla Corticosteroids
Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Adrenal medulla
Cells similar to neurosecretory cells
Epinephrine & norepinephrine

27. Alarm Reaction to Stress

28. Pancreas Endocrine portion in islets of Langerhans
Hormones that regulate levels of glucose

30. Diabetes High levels of glucose in blood Two types Lack of insulin
Inability of tissue to respond to insulin
Two types
Type I = insulin dependent
Pancreas does not produce enough insulin
Type II
Often occurs later in life

31. Other Endocrine Glands
Thymus
Hormones to mature lymphocytes
Ovaries
Estrogens & progesterone
Testes
testosterone