1. 1 Waveguides

2. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku2 Figure 12.1 Typical waveguides.

3. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku3 Figure 12.2 A rectangular waveguide with perfectly conducting walls, filled with a lossless material.

4. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku4 Figure 12.3 Components of EM fields in a rectangular waveguide: (a) TE mode E z  0, (b) TM mode, H z  0.

5. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku5 Figure 12.4 Field configuration for TM 21 mode.

6. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku6 Figure 12.5 Field configuration for TE 32 mode.

7. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku7 Figure 12.6 Variation of wave impedance with frequency for TE and TM modes.

8. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku8 Figure 12.7 Variation of the field components with x for TE 10 mode.

9. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku9 Figure 12.8 Field lines for TE 10 mode, corresponding to components (a), (b), and (c) in Figure 12.7.

10. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku10 Figure 12.9 Cutoff frequencies of rectangular waveguide with a  2.5b; for Example 12.1.

11. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku11 Figure 12.10 (a) Decomposition of TE 10 made into two plane waves. (b) Relationship between u, u p, and u g.

12. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku12 Figure 12.11 Surface current on guide walls for TE 10 mode.

13. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku13 Figure 12.12 Excitation of modes in a rectangular waveguide: (a) TE 10 mode, (b) TM 11 mode.

14. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku14 Figure 12.13 Field lines for TM 11 mode; for Example 12.7.

15. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku15 Figure 12.14 Field lines for TE 11 mode; for Practice Exercise 12.7.

16. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku16 Figure 12.15 Rectangular cavity.

17. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku17 Figure 12.16 Optical fiber.

18. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku18 Figure 12.17 (a) multimode, (b) multimode graded index, (c) single mode. Optical fiber transmission modes. (From W. Stallings, Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, 4th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1993, p. 85.)

19. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku19 Figure 12.18 A typical fiber-optic system.

20. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku20 Figure 12.19 Numerical aperture and acceptance angle.

21. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku21 Figure 12.20 For Problem 12.18.