1. Network parameter transformation

2. S-matrix conversion from Z-matrix

3. S-matrix property for Lossless network
incident power
reflected power
Lossless network, incident power = reflected power
Unitary matrix

4. Example 4.5 S-parameter 계산
Port 2가 matched load 로 termination된 경우 port 1의 return loss
Port 2가 short되었을 때 port 1의 return loss.

5. Reciprocal network port N port M
Port N에 전류원 Ix를 연결했을 때 port M에 전압 Vy가 측정되면 →
Port M에 전류원 Ix를 연결했을 때 port N에 전압 Vy가 측정된다.

6. S-matrix property for Reciprocal network

7. A shift in reference planes

8. Generalized Scattering parameters
Port별로 연결된 transmission line의 임피던스가 다른 경우

9. Vector network analyzer

10. 4.4 Transmission (ABCD) parameter

11. Z-to-ABCD transform
Reciprocal network인 경우

13. Example 4.6

14. Figure (p. 188) A coax-to-microstrip transition and equivalent circuit representations. (a) Geometry of the transition. (b) Representation of the transition by a “black box.” (c) A possible equivalent circuit for the transition [6].

15. Figure 4. 23 (p. 199) Some common microstrip discontinuities
Figure (p. 199) Some common microstrip discontinuities. (a) Open-ended microstrip. (b) Gap in microstrip. (c) Change in width. (d) T-junction. (e) Coax-to-microstrip junction.

16. Properties of Z(ω) and Γ(ω)
(A signal is a Real number function)

17. Equivalent voltage and current
TEM인 경우 unique

18. Rectangular waveguide Z0
Figure 4.2 (p. 163) Electric field lines for the TE10 mode of a rectangular waveguide.

19. Example 4.2
Figure 4.3 (p. 167) Geometry of a partially filled waveguide and its transmission line equivalent for Example 4.2.

20. Electromagnetic energy and power flow
Time averaged electric field energy stored in volume V
Time averaged magnetic field energy stored in volume V
Poynting theorem
Circuit analogy V

21. Example