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Ocean Environments
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1.Benthic Zone – bottom 2.Pelagic Zone - water Two Basic Divisions
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Benthic Zones 1. Intertidal –Shallowest area –Between the low and high tide lines –Changing environment
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Periwinkle
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Fingernail Limpet
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Buckshot Barnacles Barnacle mating
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Gooseneck Barnacles
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Mussel with barnacles on it Mussels Mussel with barnacles on it
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Sea star Sea Urchin Chiton Seaweed Sea anemones – closed above water, open below water
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Benthic Zones 2. Sublittoral –Always underwater –On continental shelf –Most variety of benthic life
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Coral Sponge with brittle star
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Benthic Zones 3.Bathyal - starts at continental slope and extends to 4000 m - little or no sunlight - cold 4°C - very high pressure Brittle Stars
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Crinoids (Sea Lilies)
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Sea cucumbers
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Benthic Zones 4.Abyssal - No sunlight - 4000 – 6000 m - On abyssal plain Tube worms
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Benthic Zones 5.Hadal 6000m -11,000m Trench Foraminifera
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Pelagic Zone – water area 1.Neritic water area above continental shelf 2. Oceanic water off of continental shelf further divided into 5 areas based on depth
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Oceanic zone is further divided into 5 areas based on depth
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Neritic Zone Life Herring Angel fishClown fish Bluefin Tuna Seahorse Jellyfish
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Plankton
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Oceanic Zones 1.Epipelagic Surface – 200 meters Sunlight, warm
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Oceanic Zones 2.Mesopelagic twilight zone - some light but no photosynthesis 200 – 2000 meters contains thermocline (large temperature change) low-energy tissues and sluggish lifestyles to cope with low food energy, since no algae can grow. Many animals are bioluminescent Firefly Squid Cuttlefish
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Coelacanth Deep Sea Angler Ogrefish
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Giant Siphonophore
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Bloodbelly Comb Jelly
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Pelagic Zones 3.Bathypelagic zone 2,000 – 4,000 meters Vampire Squid Giant Squid
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Pelagic Zones 4.Abyssopelagic zone - 4000 – 6000 meters -low oxygen, nutrients and food -Dark and cold Snipe Eel Zoarcid Fish
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Resources Anderson, Genny (2002). The splash zone. Retrieved August 5, 2008, from http://www.biosbcc.net/ocean/flspl.htm#tophttp://www.biosbcc.net/ocean/flspl.htm#top Allison, M., DeGaetano, A., & Pasachoff, J. (2006). Earth Science. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Deep Sea. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from Monteray Bay Aquarium Online Field Guide Web site: http://www.mbayaq.org/efc/living_species/default.asp?hab=9 http://www.mbayaq.org/efc/living_species/default.asp?hab=9 Flach, Author's first name initialEls, & Heip, Carlo (1996). Vertical distribution of macrozoobenthos within the sediment on the continental slope of the Globan spur area. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 141, 55-66. Monsters of the Deep Sea. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from Sea and Sky Web site: http://www.seasky.org/deep- sea/creatures-menu.htmlhttp://www.seasky.org/deep- sea/creatures-menu.html Rager, Nicolle (2004). Sea Vent Viewer. Retrieved August 7, 2008, from Natinal Science Foundation Web site: http://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/earth-environ/interact01.jsp http://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/earth-environ/interact01.jsp Roach, John (2005, Feb. 3). Life Is Found Thriving at Ocean's Deepest Point. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from National Geographic News Web site: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/02/0203_050203_deepest.htmlhttp://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/02/0203_050203_deepest.html Yancey, Paul (2008). Deep Sea Biology. Retrieved August 7, 2008, Web site: http://people.whitman.edu/~yancey/deepsea.html http://people.whitman.edu/~yancey/deepsea.html Viau, Elizabeth A. (2003). The littoral zone. Retrieved August 5, 2008, from World Builders Web site: http://curriculum.calstatela.edu/courses/builders/lessons/less/les5/littoral.html http://curriculum.calstatela.edu/courses/builders/lessons/less/les5/littoral.html
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