1. Organic Compounds!

2. “Built” around Carbon Carbon has 4 valence electrons Forms: Single Double Triple bonds

3. Hydrocarbons Often times… HUGE molecules. Consisting of carbon and hydrogen. Like: Gasoline, might be 25-30 Carbons and lots of Hydrogen ( some other elements too, but mostly C,H)

4. Allotropes ( types/ forms) Diamond – Pyrimidal structure Graphite- Sheets Coal- Amorphus

5. BuckyBalls! C 60

6. Carbon Nanotubes

7. I like Bicycles!!!!!

8. Triglycerides Glycerol + 3 fatty acids Let’s draw it like: (note to self… really cool drawing here!)

9. Saturated Fat The fatty acid is saturated with H

10. Unsaturated Fatty Acid Is missing some H, results in double bonds, and a “kink” in the “tail”

11. PolyUnsaturated Fatty acid Contain many missing H and therefore many double bonds. A very Kinky Tail

12. Significance of the Fats…. Saturated Unsaturated PolyUnsaturated What are some examples: Significance?

13. Isomer An Isomer is a compound that has the same chemical formula but different structural formula C 6 H 12 O 6 Glucose, Fructose or Galactose

14. Naming Carbon Compounds Based on number of Carbons in the continuous chain. Prefixes are used- denoting the number of carbons. They are: 1= meth-2= eth- 3= prop- 4= but- … pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec-

15. Classes of Organic compounds 1. Alkanes. Have only single bonds lots of H! (end with –ane) General formula is C n H 2n+2 Examples: Cycloalkanes: C n H 2n

16. 2. Alkenes Have 2 missing H and therefore will have a double bond (end with –ene) General formula is C n H 2n Examples:

17. 3. Alkynes have 2 pairs of missing H ( 4H total) (end with – yne) General formula is C n H 2n-2 Examples:

18. Substituents / Functional Groups There are 9 major functional groups that change a “simple” molecule into a slightly more complex one. Their names and properties will change. We’ll look at 5 of them that we see somewhat often.

19. Alkyls An alkyl is basically an alkane that has lost an H and is attached to a larger molecule Examples: Other examples: methyl propane, 2-methyl hexane, 3-ethyloctane

20. Halocarbons Halocarbons are basically alkanes that have a halogen. CFC’s Chloro Fluoro Carbons Dichloro Difluro Methane Destroy Ozone… Used as refrigerants Freon, etc.

21. Amines Have an amino group- NH 2 Amino Acids: Methylamine, aminomethane: 1,4-diaminobutane: 1,5-diaminopentane:

23. Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids have a carboxyl group COOH associated with them. (end with –oic acid) CH 3 COOH Ethanoic acid Aka acetic acid aka vinegar!

24. Alcohols Alcohols have an OH attached to them (end with –ol) ( or a specific alcohol) Methanol, methyl alcohol Ethanol Propanol – Isopropanol 3- Octanol