2.   Reduced number of slaves needed to separate seeds from the cotton  Increased the number of slaves needed to be in the fields to keep up with the pace. Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin (1793)

3. Eli Whitney

5.   1790-1840 export of southern cotton drives American economy  British manufacturers bought as much cotton as South could produce  Up to Civil War, southern exports were roughly $200 million/year (60% U.S. exports)  Southern cotton financed northern industry  Profits from cotton shipping (controlled by Northerners) paid for northern factories Statistics

6.   Although slavery was becoming increasingly unpopular, high profits were hard to overlook  1808: international slave trade banned  South relies on natural increase and internal slave trade  Southern capital was tied up in cotton production and slavery:  South lagged behind in industrialization, railroads, etc Effects

7.   Lack of southern industrialization was a matter of choice.  Railroads, factories considered risky  Unwilling to introduce free wage labor into the controlled society of slavery  Between 1790-1860 slave population grew:  700,000 to over 4 million King Cotton

8.   Sheer number of slaves (1 out of 3) terrified white southerners  Gang labor with overseer with whip to ensure swift punishment  Free blacks subject to strict “black codes”  White people feared influence that free blacks might have on slaves Slavery based on violence

11.   Gabriel Prosser (1800)  Planned to lead slaves into Richmond, Va  Plan was uncovered and James Monroe (then Va. Gov.) sent militia to put down revolt.  Prosser eventually caught and hanged  Denmark Vessey (1822) (Charleston, S.C)  Former slave who purchased freedom  Plan was uncovered and he was executed Slave Revolts

12. Gabriel Prosser

13.   August 1831  Most famous slave revolt  Used religious imagery to lead slaves  Killed 55 white people  Turner eludes capture until October and executed  Retaliation of militias resulted in murder of hundreds of slaves Nat Turner

16.   Slaves not permitted to practice African religion  Great Awakening introduced Christianity to slaves  Slaves owners believed Christianity would foster obedience  Slaves found a liberating message that strengthened community and spiritual freedom 2 nd Great Awakening

17.   Abolitionist publisher of “The Liberator”  Leading anti-slavery newspaper  Published in 1831 William Lloyd Garrison

20.   Daughters of prominent southern slave owner  Left the south to speak out against slavery Sarah and Angelina Grimke

23.   Found justifications in the Bible  Pointed out Greek and Roman society  Recognition of slavery in the Constitution  Claimed slaves were treated better than factory workers in the north  1836: Southerners introduce “gag rule” in Congress that prohibits anti-slavery debate Southern Defense of Slavery