2. Conflict in the Nation Anti-war, advocated the isolationist policy and complete neutrality Aimed to enforce the Neutrality Acts Prominent members:  Aviator Charles Lindbergh  Future President Gerald Ford  Publisher Joseph M. Patterson (New York Daily News) Pro-war, advocated aid to the Allies in the war Supported the Lend- Lease Act Prominent members:  Governor Adlai Stevenson (IL)  U.S. Representative Claude Pepper (FL)  Hollywood screenwriter Philip Dunne  Journalist William Allen White America First Committee Committee to Defend America (by Aiding the Allies)

3. The Public Opinion After France’s defeat, Americans’ opinions about the war’s outcome began to shift. By July 1940, over 66% of Americans (from opinion polls) believed that Germany posed a direct threat to the U.S. Congress responded with the Burke- Wadsworth Act in September 1940.  Burke-Wadsworth Act: established the first peacetime military draft (in U.S. history)

4. Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939 Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]

5. German Troops March into Warsaw

6. European Theater of Operations

7. A Divided France

8. Now Britain Is All Alone!

9. Great Britain.........................$31 billion Soviet Union..........................$11 billion France..................................$3 billion China..................................$1.5 billion Other European......................$500 million South America.......................$400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000 U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941

10. Battle of Britain: The “Blitz”

11. The London “Tube”: Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz

12. Battle of Stalingrad: Winter of 1942-1943 German ArmyRussian Army 1,011,500 men1,000,500 men 10,290 artillery guns13,541 artillery guns 675 tanks894 tanks 1,216 planes1,115 planes

13. The North Africa Campaign: The Battle of El Alamein, 1942 Gen. Ernst Rommel, The “Desert Fox” Gen. Bernard Law Montgomery (“Monty”)

14. The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] : Europe’s “Soft Underbelly” y Allies plan assault on weakest Axis area - North Africa - Nov. 1942-May 1943 y George S. Patton leads American troops y Germans trapped in Tunisia - surrender over 275,000 troops.

15. The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943 General George S. Patton

16. Declaration of War Pearl Harbor inspired a sense of unity among Americans. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, Congress approved FDR’s request for a declaration of war against Japan. A few days later, the U.S. also went to war against Germany and Italy. A view of the raid on Pearl Harbor

17. Pacific Theater of Operations

18. U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor, the Philippines [March, 1942]

19. Bataan Death March : April, 1942 76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines.

20. Allied Counter-Offensive: “Island-Hopping”

21. Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests

22. Battle of Midway Island: June 4-6, 1942

23. Japanese Kamikaze Planes: The Scourge of the South Pacific Kamikaze Pilots Suicide Bombers

24. Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to the Philippines! [1944]

25. US Marines on Mt. Surbachi, Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]

26. Women In The War: World War II

27. Rosie the Riveter The “ideal women worker” – loyal, efficient, patriotic, pretty A huge icon for women during World War II, and in American wartime propaganda Inspired women to get involved in the wartime effort

28. Rosie the Riveter (cont.) Rosie the Riveter Lyrics by Redd Evans and John Jacob Loeb, 1942 “All the day long, Whether rain or shine, She's a part of the assembly line. She's making history, Working for victory, Rosie the Riveter… …That little girl will do more than a Male will do… …Rosie is protecting Charlie, Working overtime on the riveting machine… …There's something true about, Red, white, and blue about, Rosie the Riveter.” Norman Rockwell 1943

29. The Domestic View Grow your own, Can your own Make This Pledge: I Pay No More Than Top Legal Prices

30. The Domestic View Women were told to conserve in order to support the war effort  Carry groceries instead of using car  Preserved tired rubber  Grow more food  Increased food production, plus self-sufficiency  Sew and repair clothing rather than buying new clothes  Save cloth for the troops  Raise money for and contribute to war bonds  Contribute morality

31. Military Women Excluded from combat positions Some served doing traditional “women’s work” in military branches (i.e. cleaning and secretarial duties) Many women became nurses, or used their nursing expertise to help in the war effort (i.e. Red Cross, military nursing units)

32. Military Women Enlist in the WAVES John Falter More Nurses are Needed!

33. Military Women Women in the U.S. military during World War II:  Army: 140,000  Navy: 100,000  Marines: 23,000  Coast Guard: 13,000  Air Force: 1,000  Army and Navy Nurse Corps: 74,000

34. Wartime Effort: World War II

35. Support the War “Don’t Let That Shadow Touch Them” Issued by the Treasury Department “United We Win” Alexander Liberman 1943

36. War Production Board Established January 1942 by executive order Converted America’s peacetime economy into maximum wartime production Directed war production  Supervised the production of over $185 billion worth of weapons and supplies

37. Conservation “Waste Helps the Enemy” Vanderlaan “When You Ride Alone You Ride With Hitler!” Weimer Pursell 1943

38. Enlisting Troops “Man the Guns, Join the Navy” McClelland Barclay 1942 “Want Action? Join the U.S. Marine Corps!” James Montgomery Flagg 1942

39. Results Troops Casualties Population (millions) Enrolled (thousands) Ratio WWII133.516,353.712.2% Enrolled (thousa nds) CombatOtherWoundedTotalRatio WWII16,353. 7 292,131115,185670,8461,078,1622.6%