1. The Technical Infrastructure of the NSDL Dean Krafft, Cornell University dean@cs.cornell.edu

2. NSDL Technical Overview Structure of the talk:  NSDL 1.0 Overview  The Fedora-based NSDL Data Repository (NDR) and NSDL 2.0  Inspiring Contribution and Collaboration – ExpertVoices  Other NSDL 2.0 Services and Tools  Q&A

3. What is the NSDL?  An NSF-funded $20 million/year program in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education  A digital library describing nearly two million carefully selected online STEM resources from well over 100 collections (at http://nsdl.org)  A core integration team (Cornell, UCAR, Columbia) working with 9 “pathways” portals and over 200 NSF grantees  A large community of researchers, librarians, content providers, developers, students, and teachers

5. NSDL 1.0  Create a “union catalog” of Dublin Core metadata records for STEM resources  Harvest those records from collections using OAI-PMH (openarchives.org)  Store records in an Oracle DB and re-serve qualified DC through OAI-PMH  Build a search index using metadata plus full- text of available content pages  Create a web portal at nsdl.org for K-gray access to NSDL resources

6. Infrastructure overview: NSDL 1.0 STEM Collections on the Web Central Metadata Repository Search Service Archive Service Collection Registration System NSDL.org Portal Protocol: OAI-PMH HTTP REST SQL

7. NSDL 1.0 Lessons  Metadata Repository was quick to implement using known technologies, but  Limited model  Metadata-centric orientation  No content – only metadata  Limited relationships – collection/item  Limits on context, structure, and access  Severe limits on contribution and collaboration  One-way data flow: NSDL → Users  Rather than one portal for everyone, support communities with common interests: Pathways now provide discipline and area-specific portals

8. NSDL 2.0  Create an NSDL that guides not just resource discovery, but resource selection, use, organization, annotation and contribution  Supports creating “context” for resources  Presents resources in context: linked to related concepts; with user ratings; with codes and data  Supports creating a permanent archive of resources  Enables community tools for structuring, evaluation, annotation, contribution, collaboration  Provides two-way data flow: NSDL ↔ users  Goal: Create a dynamic, living library

9. Creating the NSDL Data Repository  Supports storing both content and metadata  Allows arbitrary relationships among resource and metadata objects: organization, annotation, citation  Accessible through web service architecture of remixable data sources and transformations

10. Fedora: the NDR middleware  A Flexible, Extensible Digital Object Repository Architecture (http://www.fedora.info)  Open source project with $2.2 million in Mellon funding 2002-2007  Collaboration of Cornell and Univ. of Virginia  Key funded users include:  eSciDoc project (collaboration of the Max Planck Society and FIZ Karlsruhe)  Public Library of Science (Topaz Foundation)  VTLS Corp., Harris Corp., Library of Congress  Australian Research Repositories Online to the World  Royal Library Denmark, National Library, and DTU

11. What is Fedora?  An architecture, toolkit, and implementation: middleware, not a vertical application  DSpace in contrast: a vertical application with a fixed workflow targeted at users  Stores arbitrary internal and external digital objects, disseminations (transformations and combinations), relationships among objects  Entirely SOAP/REST based, disseminations are URLs  XML data store; RDBMS cache; RDF triplestore supports relationship queries

12. NSDL Data Repository (NDR)  References to roughly 2 million selected STEM resources on the web  Sourced metadata statements about those resources  A REST API to allow authenticated access by Pathways and providers  Support for annotation, aggregation, and other relationships

13. Sample NDR Objects & Relationships Publication Resource Data Set Metadata Publication Metadata Data Set Resource Code Resource Cites Metadata for Member of Metadata Provider MatForge Collection Soft Matter Collection Member of Cites Metadata for Cornell CCMR MatDL Pathway Selector for Selector for

14. An Information Network Overlay  Think of the NDR as a lens for viewing science content on the net  Content can be:  Local: stored directly in the NDR  Remote: accessed through a URL  Computed: derived from a database or web service  Archived: an older version stored at SDSC  It all has a repository-based URL

15. Network Overlay View User View API/UI Repository View with Relations & Annotations Resources on the Web

16. How should we use the NDR?  The NDR provides powerful capabilities for:  Creating context around resources  Enabling the NSDL community to directly contribute resources and context  Representing a web of relationships among science resources and information about those resources  How do we use it? Here’s one specific example …

17. Soft Matter Wiki: Planned NDR Integration  Community of approved contributors (e.g. teachers, librarians, materials scientists) are granted edit access to Soft Matter wiki  New resources and metadata are created as wiki pages and reflected into the NDR  Relevant non-wiki-based NDR resources and metadata are displayed as read-only wiki pages, subject to comment and linking  User and project pages organize NDR resources  Will work with MatDL on integrating these capabilities into Soft Matter Wiki

18. NDR Entry for Soft Matter Wiki Wiki Entry New Metadata New Audience MD Referenced New Resource 1 Referenced Existing Resource 2 Annotates Metadata for Member of Metadata Provider Metadata Provider Existing Collection Soft Matter Wiki Member of Inferred relationship between resources

20. But an NDR-integrated wiki is just the beginning …

21. Expert Voices  A system using blogging technology to:  Support STEM conversations among scientists, teachers and students  Tie NSDL resources to real-world science news  Create context for resources to enhance discovery, selection and use  Enable NSDL community members to become NSDL contributors: of resources, questions, reviews, annotations, and metadata  Expert Voices ≠ LiveJournal  Contributors are carefully selected, contributions are about science, the process of science, and education

22. Expert Voices Implementation  Open source multi-user blogging system  Published entries become NSDL resources  Owner controls publication of entries and visibility of comments  Entries can contain linked references to NSDL resources, references to URLs that should become resources, and new resource metadata  Integrated with NSDL Shibboleth-based community sign-on

24. MyNSDL: NDR-integrated tagging, bookmarking, and recommendation  Based on Connotea open-source folksonomic tagging/bookmarking system  Tags and bookmarking structure are reflected back into the NDR  Authorized users can “automatically” recommend new NSDL resources simply by tagging them  Gives user a personal view of NSDL resources

26. Other proposed applications  iVia-based Expert-Guided crawl: Tool for Pathways and others to turn websites into resource collections (in development at UC Riverside)  Moodle Course Management System – courses integrated with NSDL resources  Electronic lab notebook – integrating lab notes with code, data sets, and reference materials within the library archival framework

27. … NSDL 2.0 Ecosystem Protocol: OAI-PMH HTTP REST NDR API STEM Collections Search Service Archive Service Fedora- based NDR

28. What does this mean for the user?  NSDL 2.0 applications situate resources in context, aiding both discovery and use  Users become contributors, adding new resources, ratings, annotations, and organizational structure – frequently as a side effect of using the library  Specialized portals, tagging, and powerful relationship queries and filtering support user- specific “views” into the library

29. Summary  NSDL 1.0 created a large, production digital library of STEM resources for education.  NSDL 2.0 and its tools allow scientists, mathematicians, teachers, engineers, librarians, and students to create a unique web of context, contribution, and collaboration around the high-quality STEM education resources at the core of the NSDL.

30. Acknowledgements  NSDL NSF Program Officers  Lee Zia  David McArthur  NSDL Core Integration Team  UCAR: Kaye Howe, PI and Executive Director  Cornell: Dean Krafft, PI  Columbia: Kate Wittenberg, PI  Fedora Development Team  Cornell: Sandy Payette & Carl Lagoze  Univ. of Virginia: Thornton Staples

31. Questions?

32. Contact Information Dean B. Krafft Cornell Information Science 301 College Ave. Ithaca, NY 14850 USA dean@cs.cornell.edu This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.5/