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WWII Background Feb. 2009
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When did the world experience its most dramatic change in recent history? AFTER WORLD WAR II!
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Germany, Italy, & Japan: The “Axis Powers” All three adopted forms of dictatorship (such as National Socialism (NAZI) in Ger. & Fascism in It.) that: – (1)made the nation supreme above the individual – (2)called for expansion @ expense of neighboring countries Anti-Communist (est. in Russian Revolution of 1917)
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Axis Powers
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Axis Powers “gain power” Non-Axis democracies desired peace & reduced own militaries League of Nations could not promote disarmament Belief that WWI really would “end all wars” APPEASEMENT – Examples: Japan taking Manchuria (1931-32) Italy taking Ethiopia (1935-36) Germany taking Czechoslovakia (1938)
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Appeasement ***important idea*** Associated with Neville Chamberlain of Great Britain prior to WWII
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Mukden Incident
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The Hitler Youth Education was Nazi run – Teacher, books Military training in athletics Women – raise strong Aryans Literature, journalism, radio, movies, painting, theater, music, art and sculpture Book Burnings
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General WWII Overview I Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, & Japan Allied Powers: Almost everyone else! – Russia will be friendly w/ Germany until Operation Barbarossa – China even stops their civil war to fight (at least the Nationalists do)
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General WWII Overview II 2 Major “Theaters” of War – Pacific Ocean – Europe
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Axis Powers 1942
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2 Key Turning Points Axis Powers very successful until… (1) Pacific: Battle of Midway (June 1942) – On Midway Island – U.S. severely cripples Japanese sea power (2) Europe: Battle of Stalingrad (Aug 1942- Feb 1943) – Hitler invades Russia as part of “Operation Barbarossa” and is defeated – Hitler loses many troops & supplies
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http://www.maps101.com/Application/Cat alog/Product.aspx?cid=352&pid=750 http://www.maps101.com/Application/Cat alog/Product.aspx?cid=352&pid=750 – European Theater http://www.maps101.com/Application/Cat alog/Product.aspx?cid=352&pid=741 http://www.maps101.com/Application/Cat alog/Product.aspx?cid=352&pid=741 – Pacific Theater
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European Theater
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JUNE 6, 1944 D-DAY http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_d_day.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_d_day.shtml
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2 Endings V-E Day (Victory in Europe): May 8, 1945 – Germany surrenders less than two weeks after Hitler commits suicide. V-J Day (Victory in Japan): Aug. 14, 1945 – Japan surrenders after atomic bombs drop on Hiroshima (Aug. 6) & Nagasaki (Aug. 9).
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World War II: A Costly War Fatalities* (not casualties) – Russia: 25+ million – China: 11 million – Germany: 7.1 million – Poland: 6.8 million – Japan: 1.8 million – Yugoslavia, Romania, France, Hungary, Austria, Greece, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Great Britain: 1.7 million to 388,000 – United States: 295,000
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War in the 20 th Century
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Post-War Optimism in the USA
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