1. Intelligence: Sternberg & Gardner

2. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
3 interacting factors
Includes “practical” intelligence
Supported by empirical research (strongest research evidence for theory of intellience)

3. The basic model: 3 components
Most like traditional IQ
Analytical
Sometimes called “creative”
Synthetic
Contextual: Intelligence is culturally defined. What marks intelligence in one culture is different than what is considered intelligent in another culture. What do we value in our culture
Componential: The cognitive process that underlie all intelligent behavior.
1. Metacomponents—metacognition—deciding what to do
2. Performance components—actually doing it—encoding, inferring—the actual thinking and reasoning part
3. Knowledge acquisition—learning and storing information
Experiential: Intelligence affects experience and experience affects intelligence— two parts:
1. How well the person deals with novelty—applying earlier learning to solve new problems or problems in new situations.
2. How automatic and/or quickly familiar tasks become
Practical
Cultural link
Intelligence in relation to the context

4. Important ideas from Sternberg;s theory:
Intelligence is only partly influenced by genetics
Intelligence is broad, includes much more than is measured by tests
We can “teach” students to be more intelligent—Teach them how to think.

5. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Refers to different ways intelligence is manifested (or different kinds of intelligence)
Each way or kind of intelligence is reflected in brain differences
Research shows people have strength or weaknesses in some of the intelligences
Some people have strengths in several or many of the intelligences

6. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

7. Comparing Gardner & Sternberg
Similarities
Both see intelligence as broad
Both say intelligence occurs in contexts
Differences
Sternberg’s theory gets at what intelligence is
Gardner’s theory gets at how people use their intelligence in different ways
Sternberg’s 3 components are a part of each of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences.