1. Intelligence
An Introduction

2. Well, there’s kind of a complicated answer
Intelligence
What is it?
Well, there’s kind of a complicated answer
HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE IT?

3. Intelligence v. Achievement
Achievement = knowledge and skills gained from experience
Intelligence = abilities to:
Learn from experience
Think rationally
Deal effectively with others

4. Achievement
The amount of time we put into an experience (i.e. studying for a test on the Civil War) most likely positively correlates with how well we do on that test
In other words… experience affects achievement
But what if…

5. Can achievement and intelligence can work together?
…Two students took the exact same history course and studied the exact same review material in the exact same manner for the exact same amount of time?
BUT, Student A is more intelligent than Student B
How do you think their test performances would compare?

6. Theories of Intelligence
Psychologists have many theories of intelligence
There are many factors involved in intelligence

7. Spearman’s Theory aka “Two-factor Theory” Intelligence has two factors
g which is general intelligence
Our ability to reason and solve problems
s which is specific abilities intelligence
For example, Sally is really good at tap dancing and writing haiku poems
g + s = overall intelligence

8. Thurstone’s Theory of Primary Mental Abilities
One of a few psychologists who did not accept Spearman’s theory
Humans don’t just have g and s, they have 7 “primary mental abilities”
Word fluency
Verbal comprehension
Spatial visualization
Facility with numbers
Memory
Reasoning
Perceptual speed

9. Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI)
More modern psychologist
Also, 7 types of intelligence
Verbal or linguistic
Logical-mathematical
Visual-spatial
Bodily-kinesthetic
Musical-rhythmic
Interpersonal (people skills)
Intrapersonal (within one’s self)

10. Measuring Intelligence
What is your IQ?
“intelligence quotient”
Reflects relationship b/t a child’s mental age and actual age
What is “mental age” (or MA)?
Intellectual age
Example: A child with an MA of 6 is functioning, intellectually as a 6-yr-old even the child is 11 yrs old

11. ___________________________ Chronological Age (CA) (actual age)
Calculating IQ
Mental Age (MA)
___________________________
Chronological Age (CA) (actual age)
IQ =
IQ =
x 100