1. APPLIED BIOLOGY : PLANTS

2. COURSE OBJECTIVE Ability to illustrate and explain the cell and biological diversity Ability to differentiate microbe, plant and animal form and function. Ability to categorize the role of microbes in agriculture and related industries. : ERT149/4

3. Evaluation CONTRIBUTION Mid Term Examinations = 20 % Final Examination = 50% Assessment: Quizzes = 5 % Assignment = 10 % Lab report = 15%

4. FINAL EXAM QUESTION 5 of 6 questions 4-5 sub questions (a….e) Each Q = 100 Marks Final exam >>>> 50

5. FINAL EXAM Complexity Marks Ratio (%) Original Domain / New DomainDescription Year 1-2 Year 3-4 10 C1Knowledge / Remembering Arrange, define, duplicate, label, list, memorize, name, order, recognize, relate, recall, repeat or/and reproduce state C2Comprehension / Understanding Classify, describe, discuss, explain, express, identify, indicate, locate, recognize, report, restate, review, select or/and translate 7060 C3Application / Applying Apply, choose, demonstrate, dramatize, employ, illustrate, interpret, operate, practice, schedule, sketch, solve, use or/and write C4Analysis / Analyzing Analyze, calculate, categorize, compare, contrast, criticize, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, question or/and test,derive 2030 C5Evaluation / Evaluating Appraise, argue, assess, attach, choose compare, defend estimate, judge, predict, rate, core, select, support, value or/and evaluate C6Synthesis / Creating Arrange, assemble, collect, compose, construct, create, design, develop, formulate, manage, organize, plan, prepare, propose, set up or/and write

6. The primary concerns of taxonomy are classification, nomenclature, and identification. These three areas are interrelated and play a vital role in keeping a dynamic inventory of the extensive array of living things. a. Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes as they are applied to microbes. (30 Marks) b. Differentiate the characteristic of bacteria, fungi and algae. (30 Marks) c. Compare between the pour plate and the strike method used for obtaining pure cultures of bacteria. (20 Marks) d. Gram stain procedure is an important tool for separating bacteria in groups. Illustrate and explain procedure to perform gram stain in microbiology laboratory. (20 Marks) QUESTION STYLE

7. THIS PART : PLANT Definition (what is plant?) Benefits (why study plant?, what are the benefits of plants?) Parts and function (how do different parts of plants contribute to the growth) Nutrient growth

8. PLANTS,, What is plant ? WHY plants are important for our life ?

9. What is plant? Multicellular organisms that carry out photosynthesis. Have cell walls that are composed of cellulose Eukaryotes (cells contain a true nucleus and other membrane bound bodies

10. From the above definition, Plant Should be : Multicellular Perform photosynthesis Contain cellulose Multicellular : compises of more than one cell. For example : animal and human consists Of millions of cells. This is in contrast with some type of bacteria wich consist of only one Cell ( unicellular) But not all multi cellular organisms which perform photosynthesis is classified as plant. For exp : algae (see next slide) Cellulose is a polymer of glucose. Plants produce glucose via photosynthesis and use the resulting glucose to produce cellulose and starch.

11. Comparison of Algae and Plant Structure

12. Structurally, plants consists of root, stem and leaves. Do not confuse with Fungi. Fungi have a structure like a plant, but do not perform photosynthesys FUNGI PLANT

13. PlantsFungiAlgae CellMulticellularMulti and uni cellular Shape and properties Have root, stem and leaves Resemble the shape of plants, do not have roots nor stems to absorb water and food as they live in water Photosynthesis capability Perform Photosynthesys have no chlorophyll to perform photosynthesis perform photosynthesis Living conditionLandDamp areaWater, aquatic ExampleE coli, lacto bacteriaUni cellular : yeast Multi cellular : Mold Spirullina chlorella Differences between Plants fungi and algae

14. In photosynthesis, the plant uses water and nutrients from the soil, and carbon dioxide from the air with the sun’s energy to create photosynthates. Oxygen is releases as a byproduct. Plants utilize the glucose from photosynthesis in a similar way with respiration Photosynthesis and Respiration Animal and human perform respiration

15. BENEFIT OF PLANTS BenefitExplanation /notes Provide food and energy for animals and human Plants utilize minerals from soil to produce fruits and vegetables for animal and human. Stabilize and Prevent erosionPlant roots hold the soil in place. Increases the fertility of soilDecaying plant material such as leaves, stems and fruits are absorbed to the surrounding soil to improve soil fertility

16. Plant organs: ROOTS: Anchorage, water/nutrient absorption from soil, storage, water/nutrient transport STEMS: Support, water/nutrient transport LEAVES: Photosynthesis (food production)

17. ROOTS Functions of roots: Anchorage Absorption of water & dissolved minerals Storage (surplus sugars, starch) Conduction water/nutrients

18. Storage Roots

19. STEMS Support leaves and fruits Transport water and dissolved substances Stores food and water

20. LEAVES: Function: Photosynthesis – food production for the whole plant Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts ( tiny structures contained in the cells of leaves.

21. Plant Hormones Hormon NameRoles Auxincontrolled cell elongation involved in phototropism and gravitropism Gibberellincauses stem elongation Cytokininscause cell division Abscisic acid (ABA)Close stomata ethylenefruits ripen

25. PLANT NUTRITION et al Plant nutrition Fertilizer Pesticide Alternative Fertilizer : Biofertilizer Alternative Pesticide : Biopesticide Tissue culture GMO

26. Plant nutrition

28. Continuation ….

33. Where do the minerals come from ? Soil, ? Water ?, Enough ?

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36. Does soil nutrition sufficient for plants ? Green Revolution

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