1. Selection of research problem Rawhia salah Assistant Prof. Of Nursing 2015/2016 Nursing research 471

2. Definition of research problem Why to define research problem? Sources of research problem. Steps in defining research problem.

3. Introduction Research is finding answers to a question through the use of scientific methods.

4. Definition of research problem A situation or phenomena may arise in practice or theory, which needs some solution by way of investigation. Research problem

5. It determines, – what you will do, – how you will do it, and – what you may achieve!!!! Why to define the Research Problem ?

6. From where ??????? – Curiosity – Literature review through reading books, thesis or nursing journals – Theory Sources of Research problem

7.  various websites on the internet  Experience and Clinical Fieldwork  Seminars, workshops/conferences  Resource persons e.g professors Social Issues of relevance to the health care community Sources of Research problem

8. 1.Selecting a Topic 2.Narrowing the Topic 3.Evaluating Research Problems 4.Statement of problem Steps in defining research problems

9. 1.Selecting a Topic Examples of some broad topics that may come to mind include nurse-patient communication, pain in patients with cancer, and post-partum depression. Steps in defining research problems

10. 2. Narrowing the Topic Once researchers have identified a topic of interest, they need to ask questions that lead to a researchable problem such as: (What, how, where, when, why and who) Steps in defining research problems

11. 2. Narrowing the Topic 1. Who: Selecting units of analysis (subject) 2. Why are you going to do it?  This answer should explain why the research is necessary 3. How are you going to do it?  What methodology was undertaken. 4. When are you going to do it? Time Steps in defining research problems

12. 2. Narrowing the Topic 5. What such as: What influences...? What causes...? What characteristics are associated with...? What differences exist between...? What are the consequences of...? What is the relationship between...? Steps in defining research problems

13. 3. Evaluating Research Problems There are four most important considerations that should be kept in mind in the selection of research problem: a. Significance b.Researchability c.Feasibility of the problem d.Interest to the researcher Steps in defining research problems

14. 3. Evaluating Research Problems a. Significance of the problem: ensure that the selecting a problem is significance to nursing, adds to the existing body of knowledge and useful for the concerned people in a particular field Steps in defining research problems

15. 3. Evaluating Research Problems b. Researchability of the problems: are ones involving variables that can be accurately defined, measured and clear. For example, suppose a researcher is trying to determine what effect early discharge has on patient well-being. Well-being is too vague a concept for a study. Steps in defining research problems

16. 3. Evaluating Research Problems C. Feasibility of the problem: is an analysis of the ability to complete a research successfully. The issue of feasibility encompasses various considerations such as: Time and Timing, Facilities and Equipment, Availability of Study Participants, Money, Cooperation of others, Experience of the Researcher and Ethical Considerations Steps in defining research problems

17. 3. Evaluating Research Problems C. Feasibility of the problem: Time and Timing: the problem must be adequately studied within the time allotted. Timing means that some research problem should perform at certain times of the day, week, or year than at other times. For example, if the problem focused on patients with Asthma Steps in defining research problems

18. 3. Evaluating Research Problems C. Feasibility of the problem: Availability of Study Participants: In any research involving humans, researchers need to consider whether individuals with the desired characteristics will be available and willing to cooperate. Steps in defining research problems

19. 3. Evaluating Research Problems C. Feasibility of the problem: Facilities and Equipment: consider what facilities and equipment will be needed and whether they will be available before getting on a study to avoid frustration. Steps in defining research problems

20. 3. Evaluating Research Problems C. Feasibility of the problem: Money: The researcher on a limited budget should think carefully about projected expenses before making the final selection of a problem. For example: Literature costs, Supplies, equipment, Computer- related expenses and Transportation costs Steps in defining research problems

21. 3. Evaluating Research Problems C. Feasibility of the problem: Experience of the Researcher: The problem should be chosen from a field about which researchers have some prior knowledge or experience. Steps in defining research problems

22. 3. Evaluating Research Problems C. Feasibility of the problem: Ethical Considerations: A research problem may not be feasible because the investigation of the problem would cause unfair or unethical demands on participants Steps in defining research problems

23. 3. Evaluating Research Problems d. Interest to the Researcher : true interest in and curiosity about the chosen research problem are critical prerequisites to a successful study. Steps in defining research problems

24. 4. Problem Statement A problem statement identifies the nature of the problem that is being addressed in the study and, typically, its context and significance. For example: Nausea and vomiting are common side effects among patients on chemotherapy, and interventions to date have been only somewhat successful in reducing these effects. New interventions that can reduce or prevent these side effects need to be identified. Steps in defining research problems

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