1. Remcom Inc. 315 S. Allen St., Suite 416  State College, PA 16801  USA Tel: 1-814-861-1299  Fax: 1-814-861-1308  sales@remcom.com  www.remcom.com © 2011 Remcom Inc. All rights reserved. Indoor Applications

2. Wireless InSite for Indoor Propagation Capable of making calculations for virtually any indoor environment Uses Full 3D Vector ray tracing model Fast calculations Built-in geometry editor for indoor floor plans/walls or import DXF files Specify wall materials and thickness Add windows and doors Floor plans can be stacked to form more complicated structures Multiple transmitting locations with carrier-interference ratio

3. Wireless InSite for Indoor Propagation (2) Wireless InSite can make calculations for virtually any indoor floor plan Walls which do not reach the ceiling, such as used in office cubicles, can be modeled by placing a “window” at the top of a wall Floor plans may be edited and combined to form more complicated structures Wireless InSite includes propagation paths through doors and windows

4. Simple Indoor Example Measurements for a simple indoor geometry are taken from the paper “A Ray-Tracing Method for Modeling Indoor Wave Propagation and Penetration” by Yang, Wu, and Ko, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, June 1998 The geometry and wall material information is shown in the next slide There are no dimensions given for the wall spacing and thickness, so these must be estimated from the figure for input to Wireless InSite

5. Simple Indoor Example Geometry

6. Wireless InSite Problem Setup (1) Open a New Project and start the floor plan editor Set the floor-to-ceiling height and define the wall materials, assigning different colors to different types Different wall materials and thickness are defined as are floor and ceiling materials and thickness Wall materials can be edited from the project hierarchy tree

7. Wireless InSite Problem Setup (2) Antenna: Linear Dipole Waveform: 900 MHz narrow band waveform Add transmitter and receiver locations and set properties –Tx height: 1.3 m, 1.96 m –Rx height: 1.3 m Specify output required Specify ray calculation volume and propagation model parameters –Transmissions: 4 –Reflections: 2 For this example, the first step is to simulate the calibration measurement as described in the paper

8. Calibration Calculation

9. Wireless InSite Problem Setup (3) From the calibration calculation set transmitter power Delete calibration antenna locations and place transmitter and receiver antennas in measurement positions using Wireless InSite graphical editors Specify the output required Specify the ray calculation volume and ray calculation parameters with full phase correlation Import measured data into Wireless InSite for comparison The geometry and absolute received power results for the two receiver routes and two different transmitting antenna heights are shown in the following figures

10. Transmitter/Receiver Locations for Comparison to Measurements

11. Ray Paths from Transmitter to one of the Receiver Locations

12. Received Power Prediction in Hallway

13. Section A Results (Tx Height: 1.3 m)

14. Section B Results (Tx Height: 1.3 m)

15. Section A Results (Tx Height: 1.95 m)

16. Section B Results (Tx Height: 1.95 m)

17. Comments on Results Wireless InSite calculations are made with full correlation of phase information when adding ray contributions For accurate prediction of fast fades at 900 MHz the walls must be located precisely The geometry figure from the paper does not provide dimensions so wall locations were estimated While this prevents Wireless InSite from predicting null locations, the general signal behavior is predicted Wireless InSite can be set to add rays without phase correlation

18. Indoor Example II Measurements for a simple indoor geometry are taken from the paper: J. H. Tarng, W. Liu, Y. Huang, and J. Huang, “A Novel and Efficient Hybrid Model of Radio Multipath-Fading Channels in Indoor Environments,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol 51, no. 3, pp 585-594, March 2003. The geometry and wall material information is shown in the next slide There are no dimensions given for the wall spacing and thickness, so these must be estimated from the figure for input to Wireless InSite

19. Floor Plan

20. Receiver Locations

21. Wireless InSite Problem Setup Tx/Rx Antenna: Half-wavelength Dipole Waveform: 2.44 GHz narrow band waveform Add transmitter and receiver locations and set properties –Tx/Rx heights: 1.6 m above the floor Specify output required Specify ray calculation volume and propagation model parameters –Transmissions: 4 –Reflections: 2 –Diffractions: 1

22. Route 1 Results

23. Route 2 Results

24. Route 3 Results

25. Route 4 Results

26. XY Grids Around Rx Routes

27. Results for Points 24, 25, & 26

28. Ray Paths to Point 25

29. Remcom Office Floor Plan

30. Hallway Route Receiver Set Up

31. Study Area Set Up

32. Hallway Receiver Ray Paths

34. Measured and Calculated Results

35. Rays from External Antenna

36. Coverage from External Antenna