1. 荷蘭貿易政策 (WTO 之衝擊 ) 中山大學 (09/11/2001)

2. 荷蘭經濟發展改進方向  企業界  科技之研發  國際競爭力之提升  產業  開放經濟  轉向服務業  政府  有效之法令  有效之公用設施與效應

3.  荷蘭現在將全球當成一個 市場，來處理他們的貨品、 商業服務以及商業理念  全球化之影響使原有的國 家形態及疆界開始模糊動 搖 全球化之因應

4.  出口貿易在世界名列第七位 ( 前有美國、德國、日本、 法國、英國、意大利 ) 出口量佔全球百分之四． (75%—80%) 出口到歐洲‧  外商公司喜歡在荷蘭設廠的理由‧  基礎設備完善  與世界上五十餘國都簽有 “ 稅約 ”  商業生態健全  政治、經濟情況穩定  生活水準高 《荷蘭為進攻歐洲設立總公司或是設 立供銷中心的絕佳地點》

5. Enterprises by Activity and Size Class 19971998 199920002001* *1000 Total 645.3 672.5 684.4 693.6 714.6 Small 586.7 613.6 624.8 632.5 640.5 Medium 52.3 52.5 53.2 54.5 54.6 Large 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.6 Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry 111.1 108.9 106.6 103.8 101.2 Small 109.9 107.4 105.2 102.0 99.5 Medium 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.7 Large 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fishing 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 Small 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Medium 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Large 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

6. Continue 19971998199920002001* Mining and Quarrying 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Small 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 Medium 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Large 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Manufacturing 44.9 47.1 46.2 45.4 46.1 Small 34.2 36.6 35.7 34.8 35.4 Medium 9.3 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.2 Large 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Electricity, Gas, and Water Supply 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Small 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Medium 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Large 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Construction 51.4 58.3 62.3 63.4 69.2 Small 44.1 50.7 54.4 55.5 61.2 Medium 7.0 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.6 Large 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

7. Continue ( 2 ) 19971998199920002001* Trade, Repair of Retail Goods 160.1 166.9 163.9 164.3 164.5 Small 146.3 153.5 150.4 150.5 150.6 Medium 13.1 12.7 12.8 13.0 13.2 Large 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Hotels and Restaurants 37.6 39.0 40.5 39.7 40.2 Small 35.4 36.8 38.1 37.3 37.6 Medium 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 Large 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Transport, Storage, and Communication 23.6 25.3 26.4 27.6 28.9 Small 19.7 21.3 22.3 23.4 24.6 Medium 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 Large 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 Financial Intermediation 15.3 15.0 15.6 16.1 16.2 Small 14.3 13.9 14.4 14.8 14.9 Medium 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 Large 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

8. Continue ( 3 ) 19971998199920002001 Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities 103.2 110.4 121.3 128.7 139.2 Small 95.9 102.9 113.2 120.0 129.7 Medium 6.6 6.7 7.3 7.9 8.6 Large 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 Public Administration and Defense, Social Security 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Small 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Medium 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Large 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 Education 16.6 16.6 16.5 16.4 16.8 Small 13.3 13.4 13.8 13.7 14.2 Medium 2.6 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.9 Large 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

9. Continue ( 4 ) 19971998199920002001 Health and Social Work 40.8 41.0 40.9 41.7 42.9 Small 36.6 36.9 36.9 37.7 38.8 Medium 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 Large 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 Other Communication, Social, And Personal Services Activities 38.2 41.5 41.8 44.2 46.9 Small 35.7 38.8 39.1 41.3 43.9 Medium 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Large 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Source: Bedrijven in Nederland

10. NZ UK B US J GER NL DK 0.41 0.34 0.32 0.29 0.25 0.24 0.25 Rate of Adjustment of Profits 1970 – 1996 Source: EIM, An international Comparison of Profit Persistence

11. J(158) Dk(130) Ger(116) Nl(105) B(101) Us(90) Uk(90) Aus(86) Nz(83) The Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis has evidence that the low (and declining) growth of labor productivity in the Dutch services sector is attributable to insufficient organizational innovation, Insufficient competition and inadequate research and development in the sector. The services sector will be forced to improve its performance by the increasing international competition in a Growing number of services, such as the financial sector. 2.75 1.75 2.5 1 0.25 Price Level of Services ( PPP, OECD = 100 ) Growth of Labor Productivity Per Hour in the Service Sector 1991 – 1995 Source: Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, Research Memorandum 158 ‘ Sectoral Labour Productivity Growth ’, 1999 J UK GER US NL

12. 3.1 3 2.4 1.2 0.9 GER DK B NL UK State Support to Industry as % of Added Value ( Average Per Year in the Period 1995 - 1997 ) Source: European Commission, Seventh Survey on State Aid in the European Union, 1999 / European Commission, Single Market Scoreboard, no. 4, 1999

13. B UK GER NL DK 1.4% 2.4% 3.3% 3.5% Source: European Commission, Seventh Survey on State Aid in the European Union, 1999 / European Commission, Single Market Scoreboard, no. 4, 1999 % of European Directives on Internal Market not Converted into National Regulations

14. Nl(12.5) Dk(12.8) Uk(16.2) B(16.9) Ger(18.1) Price Level of Electricity for Bulk Use, Including Levies ( 4 Gwh Per Year, in Cents Per KWh ) 1998 Source: International Energy Price Comparisons on Basis of Standard Consumption Situation in First Half of 1998, EnergieNed, 1998

15. Nl(12.5) Dk(12.8) B(16.9) Uk(16.2) Ger(18.1) Price of Gas for Large Users 1998 Including Levies ( 1.2 Million m3 Per Year ) in Cents Per m3 1998 Source: International Energy Price Comparisons on Basis of Standard Consumption Situation in First Half of 1998, EnergieNed, 1998