1. HWH UNIT 4 CHAPTER 6.1

2.  “ The most perilous moment for a bad government is one when it seeks to mend its ways. ” -Alexis de Tocqueville, French Historian, 1850s

3.  The Three Estates  First Estate: The Clergy  Second Estate: The Nobility  Nobility of the Robe  Nobility of the Sword  Third Estate: Everyone Else  Bourgeoisie  Peasants  Urban workers French Society: The Old Regime

4.  PEASANTS ≠ URBAN POOR! A Quick Note…

5.  The French Urban Poor

6. The Three Estates Compared: Population

7.  Taxation in France, 1789

8.  Land Ownership in France, 1789

10.  The Agenda of the 3 rd Estate 3 rd Estate  Urban Poor  Peasants  Bourgeoisie Desire Lower Bread Prices Political Voice Fair Taxes End of Feudal Obligations Fair Taxes Political Power Fair Taxes

11.  Louis XVI (r. 1774-1792) and Marie Antoinette

15.   Inflation  1730-1780: Price increase 65%, wages increase 22%  The “ Feudal Reaction ”  War Debt  ½ of Royal budget went to interest on the debt  Taxation system  Inefficient Louis XVI ’ s Problems

17.   Finance Minister  Exposed royal spending  Proposed taxing all estates Jacques Necker (1732-1804)

18.  The Problem of the Estates General “ Voting by estate ”  The First and Second Estate ALWAYS voted together First Estate 1 Vote Second Estate 1 Vote Third Estate 1 Vote

19.  The “ Doubling of the Third ” Third Estate 648 2 nd Estate 300 1 st Estate 300

20.  Emmanuel Sieyes  What is the Third Estate?

21.   Lists of complaints drawn up by each estate  Exposed problems in society and government Cahiers de Doléances

22.  The Turbulent Summer of 1789

23.  The Estates General meets (May 5, 1789)

25.  June 17, 1789: The Third Estate walks out; National Assembly formed

26.  June 20, 1789: Tennis Court Oath

27.  June 27, 1789: Members of the 1st and 2nd Estate join the National Assembly

28.  July 11, 1789: Necker is dismissed

29.  July 14, 1789: Parisians storm the Bastille