1. LO: Develop understanding of sound

2. Diegesis The fictional narrative world of the film or TV programme in which events occur.

3. Sound Sound can be split into two sections: Diegetic Sound recorded at the time of shooting Dialogue Natural ambient sound. Non-diegetic Sound added or ‘dubbed on’ during the post production stage: –Music –Voiceover –Sound effects.

4. Sound Design. Sound like every other department has to be planned and designed. The director will work with a sound designer and other members of the sound department to ‘layer the sound’. The non-diegetic sound is mostly designed before the shoot. The music is composed and recorded, sound effects are collected before and during the shoot. Any voiceovers (if required) are recorded and dubbed on and are often the last part of the post production. ‘Over dubs’ of dialogue are also recorded at this time.

5. Examples of TV drama- use of sound. Task: with the sound off, make notes on the following shows and what sounds you would expect to hear: http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b00vcvpq/Casualty_Series_25 _Eliminate_the_Negative/http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b00vcvpq/Casualty_Series_25 _Eliminate_the_Negative/ From 35 seconds… http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b00v73q9/Waterloo_Road_Ser ies_6_Episode_7/http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b00v73q9/Waterloo_Road_Ser ies_6_Episode_7/ From 52 seconds… Consider diegetic and non diegetic sounds, the genre of the show and sounds you ‘expect’ to hear. Make notes on the intended audience meanings. Now watch them again to hear the sounds and make further notes.

6. Sound Effects Sound Effects are recorded if a sound cannot be recorded at the time of the shoot. Sound Effects are recorded by the Foley artists who use whatever they can to ‘simulate’ a sound. Watch this clip about the role of the Foley artist: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wx32-L9tJcE

7. Use of Music Music again can be split into two sections: Music Score – instrumental background music which is composed for the TV Drama. Scores are often recorded after the show has been roughly edited so that the composer can compose the music according to the story: e.g.: a quick tempo ‘techno’ sound will often accompany a rapid, exciting action sequence. Popular songs - either written and composed for the TV drama or borrowed for the soundtrack. Most TV dramas do not feature pop songs at all.

8. Other sound keywords Amplification - made louder Bass – a low tone Cacophonous – a non-rhythmical noise Crescendo – a build up of sound to a climax Digital - computer generated sounds Discordant – sounds that clash Mechanical Melody – a series of notes that form a distinct pattern Monotone a single tone Oscillating –sound that goes up and down in pitch and tone Rhythmic a regular pattern of beats Synchronised –sound working together with the visuals Symphonic – a collection of instruments in an orchestra.

9. Layering Sound Designing sound is much like recording music in a studio. Each layer or track is designed on the page before it is recorded. Once all the sound has been recorded it is then mixed on a mixing desk. Task: in groups design the sound for one of the scenarios. Feedback. To end: write up your notes for one of the shows we discussed earlier. How does the sound design create audience meaning?

10. Sound Analysis. Watch and listen to the following clip: Make notes whilst: Visuals without sound. Listening to just the sound. Both.