1. EÐL620M / Life in the Universe Life in the Universe Astrophysics – chemistry – Biology – earth-/planetary sciences Atoms - chemical bond Carbon chemical bond Atoms and molecules in space ; Informations derived from spectroscopy Molecules in the universe ; Existance and formation Interactions between light and matter ; photochemistry, photoionization, photofragmentation Thermochemistry in the Universe Biochemistry

2. 2x :::: n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 :::: E :::: :::: :::: n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 :::: E s  Molecular energies(orbitals) also quantized ?

3. - - - - ++ Attraction forces, F - Repulsion forces, F + Net force = F = F + + F - NB

4. - F:. F = - dU dr r U r 0 - * * * *

5. - - - - ++ Attraction forces, F - Repulsion forces, F + Net force = F = F + + F - e.g. energy depends on the distance between atoms Potential curve U r

6. n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 :::: E n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 :::: E A A - B A(n=1) +B A(n=2) + B A(n=3) + B A(n=1) A(n=2) A(n=3) r AB

7. A - B r AB A(n) + B  A - B A(n) + B r AB v = 0 v = 1 v = 2 v = 3 E(v)

8. A - B A(n) + B r AB E(v) =E total U pot E kin U pot E kin max = E vib E vib increases with v AB

9. A - B A(n) + B r AB E(v) =E total E vib increases with v AB E vib  C(v+1/2)

10. J=0 J=1 J=2 J=3 J=4 J=5 E(J) E(J) increases with J E(J) = BJ(J+1)

11. E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n) :::: E(v)E(J) :::: ::::

12. E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

15. E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

18. E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n) :::: E(v)E(J) :::: ::::

20. ...or emission:

22. E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

25. http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/spectra.html Orion nebula H atom

26. prism Wave- length

27. E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A=H E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

28. E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A=H E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

29. H2H2

30. Databases: molecules: –http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/form-ser.html.en-us.enhttp://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/form-ser.html.en-us.en –http://www.atmosphere.mpg.de/enid/41f558ea2dcc24a0ead3ab58afde0 443,0/Spectra/Catalogue_Spectra_5p4.htmlhttp://www.atmosphere.mpg.de/enid/41f558ea2dcc24a0ead3ab58afde0 443,0/Spectra/Catalogue_Spectra_5p4.html atoms: –http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/asd.cfmhttp://www.nist.gov/pml/data/asd.cfm –http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/amdata/ampdata/kurucz23/sekur.htmlhttp://cfa-www.harvard.edu/amdata/ampdata/kurucz23/sekur.html

32. E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

33. Glycinemethanol carbonmonoxide Microwave spectra / Rotational spectra

34. Glycine but:

35. Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules

36. 2 atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms6 atoms7 atoms H2H2 C3*C3*c-C 3 HC5*C5*C5HC5HC6HC6H AlFC2HC2Hl-C 3 HC4HC4Hl-H 2 C 4 CH 2 CHCN AlClC2OC2OC3NC3NC 4 SiC2H4*C2H4*CH 3 C 2 H C 2 **C2SC2SC3OC3Ol-C 3 H 2 CH 3 CNHC 5 N CH 2 CH 2 2005 C3SC3Sc-C 3 H 2 CH 3 NCCH 3 CHO CH + CH + 2005 HCNC2H2*C2H2*H 2 CCNCH 3 OHCH 3 NH 2 CNHCONH 3 CH 4 *CH 3 SHc-C 2 H 4 O COHCO + HCCNHC 3 NHC 3 NH + H 2 CCHOH CO + HCS + HCNH + HC 2 NCHC 2 CHO C 6 H – C 6 H – 2006 CPHOC + HNCOHCOOHNH 2 CHO SiCH2OH2OHNCSH 2 CNHC5NC5N HClH2SH2SHOCO + H2C2OH2C2Ol-HC 4 H*l-HC 4 H* (?) KClHNCH 2 COH 2 NCNl-HC 4 N NHHNOH 2 CNHNC 3 c-H 2 C 3 O c-H 2 C 3 O 2006 NOMgCNH 2 CSSiH 4 * H 2 CCNHH 2 CCNH (?) 2006 NSMgNCH3O+H3O+ H 2 COH + OHN2ON2OCH 3 * PNNaCN SOOCS SO + SO 2 SiNc-SiC 2 SiOCO 2 * SiSNH 2 CSH3+*H3+* HFH 2 D +, HD 2 + SH*SiCN HDAlNC FeOFeO (?)SiNC O 2 O 2 (?) 2005 CF + CF + 2006 SiHSiH (?) 8 atoms9 atoms10 atoms11 atoms12 atoms13 atoms CH 3 C 3 NCH 3 C 4 H CH 3 C 5 N CH 3 C 5 N 2006 HC 9 NC 6 H 6 *C 6 H 6 * (?)HC 11 N HCOOCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CN (CH 3 ) 2 CO 2005 CH 3 C 6 H CH 3 C 6 H 2006 C 2 H 5 OCH 3 (?) 2005 CH 3 COOH(CH 3 ) 2 O (CH 2 OH) 2 (CH 2 OH) 2 2005 C7HC7HCH 3 CH 2 OHCH 3 CH 2 CHO H2C6H2C6 HC 7 N CH 2 OHCHO CH 2 OHCHO 2006 C8HC8H l-HC 6 H*l-HC 6 H* (?) CH 3 C(O)NH 2 CH 3 C(O)NH 2 2006 CH 2 CHCHOCH 2 CHCHO (?) CH 2 CCHCN 2006 Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells :

37. 2 atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms6 atoms7 atoms H2H2 C3*C3*c-C 3 HC5*C5*C5HC5HC6HC6H AlFC2HC2Hl-C 3 HC4HC4Hl-H 2 C 4 CH 2 CHCN AlClC2OC2OC3NC3NC 4 SiC2H4*C2H4*CH 3 C 2 H C 2 **C2SC2SC3OC3Ol-C 3 H 2 CH 3 CNHC 5 N CH 2 CH 2 2005 C3SC3Sc-C 3 H 2 CH 3 NCCH 3 CHO CH + CH + 2005 HCNC2H2*C2H2*H 2 CCNCH 3 OHCH 3 NH 2 CNHCONH 3 CH 4 *CH 3 SHc-C 2 H 4 O COHCO + HCCNHC 3 NHC 3 NH + H 2 CCHOH CO + HCS + HCNH + HC 2 NCHC 2 CHO C 6 H – C 6 H – 2006 CPHOC + HNCOHCOOHNH 2 CHO SiCH2OH2OHNCSH 2 CNHC5NC5N HClH2SH2SHOCO + H2C2OH2C2Ol-HC 4 H*l-HC 4 H* (?) KClHNCH 2 COH 2 NCNl-HC 4 N NHHNOH 2 CNHNC 3 c-H 2 C 3 O c-H 2 C 3 O 2006 NOMgCNH 2 CSSiH 4 * H 2 CCNHH 2 CCNH (?) 2006 2 atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms NaClN2H+N2H+ c-SiC 3 OHN2ON2OCH 3 * PNNaCN SOOCS SO + SO 2 SiNc-SiC 2 SiOCO 2 * SiSNH 2 CSH3+*H3+* HFH 2 D +, HD 2 + SH*SiCN HDAlNC FeOFeO (?)SiNC O 2 O 2 (?) 2005 CF + CF + 2006 SiHSiH (?) 8 atoms9 atoms10 atoms11 atoms12 atoms13 atoms CH 3 C 3 NCH 3 C 4 H CH 3 C 5 N CH 3 C 5 N 2006 HC 9 NC 6 H 6 *C 6 H 6 * (?)HC 11 N HCOOCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CN (CH 3 ) 2 CO 2005 CH 3 C 6 H CH 3 C 6 H 2006 C 2 H 5 OCH 3 (?) 2005 CH 3 COOH(CH 3 ) 2 O (CH 2 OH) 2 (CH 2 OH) 2 2005 C7HC7HCH 3 CH 2 OHCH 3 CH 2 CHO H2C6H2C6 HC 7 N CH 2 OHCHO CH 2 OHCHO 2006 C8HC8H l-HC 6 H*l-HC 6 H* (?) CH 3 C(O)NH 2 CH 3 C(O)NH 2 2006 CH 2 CHCHOCH 2 CHCHO (?) CH 2 CCHCN 2006 2 atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms6 atoms7 atoms H2H2 C3*C3*c-C 3 HC5*C5*C5HC5HC6HC6H AlFC2HC2Hl-C 3 HC4HC4Hl-H 2 C 4 CH 2 CHCN AlClC2OC2OC3NC3NC 4 SiC2H4*C2H4*CH 3 C 2 H C 2 **C2SC2SC3OC3Ol-C 3 H 2 CH 3 CNHC 5 N CH 2 CH 2 2005 C3SC3Sc-C 3 H 2 CH 3 NCCH 3 CHO CH + CH + 2005 HCNC2H2*C2H2*H 2 CCNCH 3 OHCH 3 NH 2 CNHCONH 3 CH 4 *CH 3 SHc-C 2 H 4 O COHCO + HCCNHC 3 NHC 3 NH + H 2 CCHOH CO + HCS + HCNH + HC 2 NCHC 2 CHO C 6 H – C 6 H – 2006 CPHOC + HNCOHCOOHNH 2 CHO SiCH2OH2OHNCSH 2 CNHC5NC5N HClH2SH2SHOCO + H2C2OH2C2Ol-HC 4 H*l-HC 4 H* (?) KClHNCH 2 COH 2 NCNl-HC 4 N NHHNOH 2 CNHNC 3 c-H 2 C 3 O c-H 2 C 3 O 2006 NOMgCNH 2 CSSiH 4 * H 2 CCNHH 2 CCNH (?) 2006 2 atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms NaClN2H+N2H+ c-SiC 3 OHN2ON2OCH 3 * PNNaCN SOOCS SO + SO 2 SiNc-SiC 2 SiOCO 2 * SiSNH 2 CSH3+*H3+* HFH 2 D +, HD 2 + SH*SiCN 2 atoms3 atoms FeOFeO (?)SiNC O 2 O 2 (?) 2005 CF + CF + 2006 SiHSiH (?) 8 atoms9 atoms10 atoms11 atoms12 atoms13 atoms CH 3 C 3 NCH 3 C 4 H CH 3 C 5 N CH 3 C 5 N 2006 HC 9 NC 6 H 6 *C 6 H 6 * (?)HC 11 N HCOOCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CN (CH 3 ) 2 CO 2005 CH 3 C 6 H CH 3 C 6 H 2006 C 2 H 5 OCH 3 (?) 2005 CH 3 COOH(CH 3 ) 2 O (CH 2 OH) 2 (CH 2 OH) 2 2005 C7HC7HCH 3 CH 2 OHCH 3 CH 2 CHO H2C6H2C6 HC 7 N CH 2 OHCHO CH 2 OHCHO 2006 C8HC8H l-HC 6 H*l-HC 6 H* (?) CH 3 C(O)NH 2 CH 3 C(O)NH 2 2006 CH 2 CHCHOCH 2 CHCHO (?) CH 2 CCHCN 2006 : Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells :

38. 2 atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms6 atoms7 atoms H2H2 C3*C3*c-C 3 HC5*C5*C5HC5HC6HC6H AlFC2HC2Hl-C 3 HC4HC4Hl-H 2 C 4 CH 2 CHCN AlClC2OC2OC3NC3NC 4 SiC2H4*C2H4*CH 3 C 2 H C 2 **C2SC2SC3OC3Ol-C 3 H 2 CH 3 CNHC 5 N CH 2 CH 2 2005 C3SC3Sc-C 3 H 2 CH 3 NCCH 3 CHO CH + CH + 2005 HCNC2H2*C2H2*H 2 CCNCH 3 OHCH 3 NH 2 CNHCONH 3 CH 4 *CH 3 SHc-C 2 H 4 O COHCO + HCCNHC 3 NHC 3 NH + H 2 CCHOH CO + HCS + HCNH + HC 2 NCHC 2 CHO C 6 H – C 6 H – 2006 CPHOC + HNCOHCOOHNH 2 CHO SiCH2OH2OHNCSH 2 CNHC5NC5N HClH2SH2SHOCO + H2C2OH2C2Ol-HC 4 H*l-HC 4 H* (?) KClHNCH 2 COH 2 NCNl-HC 4 N NHHNOH 2 CNHNC 3 c-H 2 C 3 O c-H 2 C 3 O 2006 NOMgCNH 2 CSSiH 4 * H 2 CCNHH 2 CCNH (?) 2006 2 atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms NaClN2H+N2H+ c-SiC 3 OHN2ON2OCH 3 * PNNaCN SOOCS SO + SO 2 SiNc-SiC 2 SiOCO 2 * SiSNH 2 CSH3+*H3+* HFH 2 D +, HD 2 + SH*SiCN HDAlNC FeOFeO (?)SiNC O 2 O 2 (?) 2005 CF + CF + 2006 SiHSiH (?) 8 atoms9 atoms10 atoms11 atoms12 atoms13 atoms CH 3 C 3 NCH 3 C 4 H CH 3 C 5 N CH 3 C 5 N 2006 HC 9 NC 6 H 6 *C 6 H 6 * (?)HC 11 N HCOOCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CN (CH 3 ) 2 CO 2005 CH 3 C 6 H CH 3 C 6 H 2006 C 2 H 5 OCH 3 (?) 2005 CH 3 COOH(CH 3 ) 2 O (CH 2 OH) 2 (CH 2 OH) 2 2005 C7HC7HCH 3 CH 2 OHCH 3 CH 2 CHO H2C6H2C6 HC 7 N CH 2 OHCHO CH 2 OHCHO 2006 C8HC8H l-HC 6 H*l-HC 6 H* (?) CH 3 C(O)NH 2 CH 3 C(O)NH 2 2006 CH 2 CHCHOCH 2 CHCHO (?) CH 2 CCHCN 2006 : Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells

39. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10542.html:

40. Formed in the vicinity of young stars (?)

42. Hydrogen(H) other(C,O,N,Si..)  75%  25%  1% Helium(He) % elements by weight

43. + -

44. + + ++ + + -  AB = h AB h

45. + -

46. + + ++ +  AB = h AB h + -

47. H – detection?: Earth -Absorption in the vacuum UV region / affected by the atmosphere - H nonpolar => no absorption due to rotational or vibrational excitations

48. Earth H – detection?: -Absorption in the vacuum UV region / affected by the atmosphere - H nonpolar => no absorption due to rotational or vibrational excitations

49. Lifetime:..........10 6 ár (  0 ) Effective lifetime...500 ár (  ) = 21 cm = 1420.4 MHz

50. http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/spectra.html Orion nebula H atom

51. Qualitative and quantitative analysis possible MORE? Peak heights for the same compound differ (?)

52. E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

53. E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

54. E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

55. E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

56. (1)(2)

57. “Thermometer”: Calc. measured

58. Large temperature variation in space:... giant molecular clouds / GMC Hot molecular clouds:..in the vicinity of stars / light energy Cold molecular clouds: Far away from stars / light energy

59. Cold molecular clouds:

60.  75%  25%  1% H2H2 Hydrogen(H) other(C,O,N,Si..) Helium(He) % elements by weight