1. 1 Cultural Universals Ancient Civilizations

2. What is culture?  the characteristic features of everyday existence shared by people  the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes a group of people  things all people and civilizations need in order to survive.

3. Cultural Universals  To unite all people in a common bond of humanity.  We will study various ancient civilizations and identify trends through history.

4. What do ALL Civilizations have?  Food  Government  Religion  Technology  Economy  Shelter and Clothing  Communication  Family  The Arts  Recreation and Games

5. Food  What can be grown, hunted, raised, and traded?  Food Storage (i.e. rice and corn)  How did they prepare the food and eat? Utensils, hands Utensils, hands Serving (how and by whom) Serving (how and by whom)  Meals for special occasions/days of the week

6. Government  System of laws, rights What are they? What are they? How were they made? How were they made?  Providing military for defense  Interacting with other civilizations Trade agreements, allies, war Trade agreements, allies, war  Taxation

7. Religion  Strongly influences daily life and beliefs  One god or multiple gods?  Power(s) of the god(s)  Celebrations and practices  Religious leaders (roles, duties, how selected)

8. Technology  Makes life easier  Types: farming, weaponry, building, tools, medical, transportation  What materials are available?

9. Economy  A common system of money  Jobs  Taxation to support government  TRADE, TRADE, TRADE Goods and Services Goods and Services Ideas (customs, language, religion) Ideas (customs, language, religion)

10. Shelter and Clothing  Style and construction of homes, buildings and clothing  What materials were used?  Specialty buildings (temples, markets, palaces)  Specialty clothing (VIP’s and special occasions)

11. Communication  How to communicate over distances?  Writing system and materials? (pen, paper)  How did they learn to read and write?  What was written? Laws, religious texts, Laws, religious texts, stories, events/news stories, events/news

12. Family  The rights, roles, duties, and privileges of men, women, boys, and girls. Household duties Household duties Jobs Jobs Community roles Community roles Caring for children Caring for children Education Education Rights Rights Marriage Marriage

13. The Arts  Dancing, singing, music, painting, sculpture, drama  Things to find out: How was it created? How was it created? Who made it? Who made it? Why did they do it? Special occasions? Why did they do it? Special occasions? Who taught them? Who taught them?

14. Recreation and Games  What was their entertainment?  Why were the games played? Special occasions?  How were they played?  Who got to play? Observe?