1. Verbs SPI 0601.1.1 . . . verbs (including agreement with the
subject in person and number, action verbs that take objects, linking verbs, helping verbs, verb phrases, verb tenses, regular and irregular verb forms) . . .
SPI Recognize and correct usage errors (e.g., double negatives, troublesome words {to/too/two, their/there/they’re, its/it’s, sit/set, lie/lay, affect/effect, may/can, leave/let,
teach/learn, accept/except, capitol/capital, principle/principal, between/among}).

2. What is a verb? Verbs are words that describe: an action a state
Bill hopped, skipped, and ran down the street.
a state
Her name is Sally. She has 3 brothers and a sister. or
an occurrence/happening
Snow glistened on the tree tops.
The blackout occurred after midnight.

3. Helping Verbs
Helping verbs are words that help the main verb. They have no meaning on their own. Helping verbs are needed to make the sentence grammatically correct.
Examples:
Peter is going to town.
Jane would have gone, but she didn’t have a ride.

4. Helping Verb Song (Sung to the tune of Jingle Bells)
Helping Verbs!  Helping Verbs!  There are
Am, is are!  Was and were!  Being, been, and be!
Have, has, had!  Do, does, did! 
Shall, should, will, and would!
There are 5 more helping verbs:  may, might, must, can, and could! 

5. Helping and Main Verbs

6. Helping Verbs may might must be being been am are is was were (main)
do does did
should could would
have had has
will can shall

7. Practice Student Packet page 81. has gone had eaten
Helping Verb
Main Verb
1. Chris has gone to the movie.
has
gone
2. That worker had eaten in a café.
had
eaten

8. Regular Verbs Regular verbs will show past tense by adding –ed.
Today I walk to town.
Yesterday I walked to town.
Present tense is shown by adding –ing.
Right now I am walking to town.

9. Rules
Some regular verbs vary slightly in spelling, but basically still follow the pattern.
For example
If a verb ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant (VC), and the vowel has a strong stress, the final consonant is doubled before adding -ed or -ing.
stop – stopped – stopping OR
If the verb ends in -e, drop the e before adding –ed or -ing.
hope – hoped – hoping
If the verb ends in a consonant plus y (Cy), we change the y to i and add -es or -ed. In the case of -ing, we do not change the y.
study – studied - studying

10. Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs do not follow the rules, and must be memorized.
On the next 5 slides you will see some irregular verbs. Don’t worry. You have heard these your whole life. Most you will just know.

11. List of Irregular Verbs in English
Present
Past
Past Participle be
was, were
been
become
became
begin
began
begun
blow
blew
blown
break
broke
broken
bring
brought
build
built
burst
buy
bought
catch
caught
choose
chose
chosen
come
came
cut
deal
dealt do
did
done
drink
drank
drunk

12. List of Irregular Verbs in English
Present
Past
Past Participle
drive
drove
driven
eat
ate
eaten
fall
fell
fallen
feed
fed
feel
felt
fight
fought
find
found
fly
flew
flown
forbid
forbade
forbidden
forget
forgot
forgotten
forgive
forgave
forgiven
freeze
froze
frozen
get
got
gotten
give
gave
given go
went
gone
grow
grew
grown
have
had

13. List of Irregular Verbs in English
hear
heard
hide
hid
hidden
hold
held
hurt
keep
kept
know
knew
known
lay
laid
lead
led
leave
left
let
lie
lain
lose
lost
make
made
meet
met
pay
paid
quit
read
ride
rode
ridden

14. List of Irregular Verbs in English
run
ran
say
said
see
saw
seen
seek
sought
sell
sold
send
sent
shake
shook
shaken
shine
shone
sing
sang
sung
sit
sat
sleep
slept
speak
spoke
spoken
spend
spent
spring
sprang
sprung
stand
stood
steal
stole
stolen
swim
swam
swum
swing
swung

15. List of Irregular Verbs in English
take
took
taken
teach
taught
tear
tore
torn
tell
told
think
thought
throw
threw
thrown
understand
understood
wake
woke (waked)
woken (waked)
wear
wore
worn
win
won
write
wrote
written

16. Practice Page 91 1. Past participle of to begin had begun
Past participle of to leave had left
Page 93
Past participle of to sit had sat
Past participle of to grow had grown

17. Practice Page 95 That toilet has (broke, broken) again.
A credit card was (stolen, stole) from his wallet.
Page 97
The tomato plant has (grew, grown) very large.
Marty had (came, come) to the party early.
We could have (swam, swum) for another hour.

18. Sit and Set Sit means “to take a seat or sit down.”
I want to sit here a while and rest.
Sit in the blue chair.
Set means “to place something.”
Please set this blue chair in that corner.
Set the red cushion on the blue chair.

19. Lie and Lay
People lie on beds. Dogs lie on people. Fleas lie on dogs. The people, the dogs, and the fleas are very still. Lie is a still verb.
A person picks up a dog and lays it on a blanket. A pair of tweezers picks a flea off a dog and lays it outside. A hen lays an egg. The person, the tweezers, and the hen are very active. Lay is an active verb. It implies that somebody is setting or placing something somewhere.

20. Lie (to lie down on a bed) lie, lay, lain, lying
Today I lie in bed.
Yesterday I lay in bed.
Many times I have lain in bed.
Yesterday I was lying in bed all day.
Lying in bed all day is boring.

21. Lay (to place something, to set something down) lay, laid, laid, laying
Today I lay the book on the counter.
Yesterday I laid the book on the counter.
Many times I have laid the book on the counter.
Yesterday I was laying the book on the counter when Mom came home.
Laying books on the kitchen counter is against the rules in my house.

22. Americans use the words lie and lay incorrectly so often that your ear has trouble telling you which is correct. Here are a few tips to help you keep these words straight.

23. Tip
Remember the verb lay works just like to say and to pay. Those verbs are irregular, but they aren’t confusing.
Today I say that I pay; yesterday I said that I paid; many times I have said that I have paid. To lay works the same. lay, laid, laid

24. Tip 2
Nobody says that hens lie eggs. We all get that one correct: hens lay eggs. Those hens are mighty busy! Just visualize in your mind how active and busy those hens are. Lay is an active, busy word. When you’re doing something active (laying down your backpack, laying a new rug on the floor), lay is the word you want.

25. Tip 3
Remember that lie is a quiet word. Here’s a silly ditty you can use to remind yourself of that (notice all the “eye” sounds): At night, I turn out my light and lie. Whether it’s on you sofa, on your beach towel, or on your bed, if you are quietly reclining, you’re lying – never laying.

26. Tip 4
Substitute the word place or the word put. If the sentence sounds right, lay is the word you want. If it doesn’t sound right, lie is the word you want. Does it sound right to say that you place the book on the table? Yes, so it’s correct to say that you lay the book on the table. Does it sound right to say you place in your bed at night? No, so it’s correct to say that you lie in your bed at night.

27. Troublesome Verbs Present Present Participle "to be" Past
Past Participle
Future
To lie
she lies
she is lying
she lay
she has lain
she will lie
To lay
she lays (it)
She is laying
she laid (it)
she has laid (it)
she will lay (it)
To sit
he sits
he is sitting
he sat
he has sat
he will sit
To set
he sets (it)
he is setting
he set (it)
he has set (it)
he will set (it)

28. Direct Object
In the next assignment you will be crossing out prepositional phrases and identifying direct objects.
Remember
A prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun.
subject + verb + what? or who? = direct object

29. Practice Page 109 A surfer (lay, laid) his board on the sand.
My grandfather (sits, sets) by a stream during fishing season.
Page 111
Jenny is (laying, lying) in the sun without a hat.
That lady always (sits, sets) in the sun without a hat.) DO

30. Linking Verbs
Linking verbs are words that connect the subject to additional information about the subject.
Linking verbs connect the subject to a predicate noun or predicate adjective.
Examples
George Washington became the first president. Paul is nine years old.

31. Linking Verbs The most common linking verb is the verb to be.
Other common linking verbs are forms of
to become
to seem
to appear
to look
to feel
to sound
to taste
to smell

32. Practice Page 125 The sky is cloudy. cloudy sky
His ring is gold. gold ring
Page 131
__L___ The fudge became sticky.
__L___ The floor behind the stove grew dirty.
__A___ I walked to the store. PA PA
was
was

33. Practice Page 133 __L___ Our cat seems sick.
__L___ His idea sounded terrific. is
was

34. Subject/Verb Agreement
Subjects and verbs must work together. They must agree. A verb that ends in a single -s, -es, or -ies  is used with a singular noun.

35. Examples Singular Subject Singular Verb Little Bear bellows Omri
shares
Fire
glows
Patrick
fixes

36. A verb that does not end in a single s, es, or ies is used with a plural noun.

37. Examples Plural Subject Plural Verb a cowboy and his horse bellow
cowboys
share
The two fires
glow
Patrick’s parents
fix

38. Brain Pop Watch the Brain Pop movie, then try the quiz.

39. Practice Page 137 A guide (lives, live) in those mountains.
Margo (stays, stay) with her grandmother.
Page 139
The dog (bark, barks) throughout the night.
This document (is, are) very important.

40. Practice Page 143 His friends (sit, sits) beside me on the bus.
Gold miners (search, searches) for gold in the Superstition Mountains.

41. Practice Page 141 Those trains (travel, travels) through a tunnel.
Some cooks (make, makes) lasagna without meat. DO

42. Verb Tenses Present, Past, or Future
There are three main verb tenses:
Present
Past
Future
Practice - Page 151 1.
Present
Terry rollerskates to his friend’s house. 2.
Past
Terry rollerskated with his sister. 3.
Future
Tonight, Terry will rollerskate around the park.

43. Practice Page 153 _present__ These girls swim in the ocean.
_future___ Mom will swim twenty laps.
_past____ My cousin swam on a high school team.

44. Practice Page 155 Past tense of to decide ___decided___
Present tense of to choose _choose, chooses__