1. The Renaissance - Rebirth of learning and Culture in Europe

2. Pre-Renaissance Europe The Crusades: 1095 - 1496 The Crusades: 1095 - 1496 Christian knights wage war against Muslims for control of Jerusalem resulting in bitterness, increased trade and cultural diffusion in Western Europe Christian knights wage war against Muslims for control of Jerusalem resulting in bitterness, increased trade and cultural diffusion in Western Europe The Black Plague: 1300s The Black Plague: 1300s Kills 25 million Europeans Kills 25 million Europeans Results: (“ The 3 D’s” ) Results: (“ The 3 D’s” ) D esire to celebrate life and humanity D esire to celebrate life and humanity D oubts about the Church D oubts about the Church D esire for new ways of expression D esire for new ways of expression

3. Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? Thriving cities Thriving cities Wealthy merchants and bankers Wealthy merchants and bankers Medici family – “Godfathers” of the Renaissance Medici family – “Godfathers” of the Renaissance Renewed interest in classical Rome & Greece roots Renewed interest in classical Rome & Greece roots

4. What new values did people hold? HUMANISM – emphasizes individual achievements and abilities HUMANISM – emphasizes individual achievements and abilities Focus on secular ideas (concern with worldly matters) Focus on secular ideas (concern with worldly matters) Patrons encourage beautiful works by financially supporting artists, writers and musicians (ex. Medici family) Patrons encourage beautiful works by financially supporting artists, writers and musicians (ex. Medici family) Renaissance man – Master of many fields of study or work (ex. Leonardo da Vinci – painter, scientist & inventor) Renaissance man – Master of many fields of study or work (ex. Leonardo da Vinci – painter, scientist & inventor) Francesco Petrarch, Father of Humanism

5. Individuals Take Charge “Man can do all things if they will” - Leon Battista Alberti “Man can do all things if they will” - Leon Battista Alberti People started believing in the ability of humans to do great things People started believing in the ability of humans to do great things As a result, new technology develops AND people start to work to create better cities and countries As a result, new technology develops AND people start to work to create better cities and countries Leonardo da Vinci, “The Renaissance Man”

6. How did art change during the Renaissance? Sculptors made figures more realisticSculptors made figures more realistic Painters used perspective to create three-dimensional illusionPainters used perspective to create three-dimensional illusion Subjects were no longer mostly religiousSubjects were no longer mostly religious

7. Your Turn: Create a T-Chart to Compare and Contrast the following pieces of art: Middle Age Art Renaissance Art

8. Renaissance Ideas… in Action Johann Gutenberg creates the printing press which increases the production of books Johann Gutenberg creates the printing press which increases the production of books As a result, new ideas of the Renaissance are spread throughout Europe As a result, new ideas of the Renaissance are spread throughout Europe Books are written in vernacular - Everyday language that all understand Books are written in vernacular - Everyday language that all understand Authors express own thoughts and feelings Authors express own thoughts and feelings Ex. Dante – realistic poetry Machiavelli – understanding government

9. The Reformation Begins as a protest to the practices of the Roman Catholic Church Begins as a protest to the practices of the Roman Catholic Church Teaches people that faith in God, not good works, leads to eternal life Teaches people that faith in God, not good works, leads to eternal life Encourages people to read the Bible to strengthen their faith in God’s word Encourages people to read the Bible to strengthen their faith in God’s word

10. How it Began Indulgences – Sold to free people from their sins Indulgences – Sold to free people from their sins Monks (religious men) begin to disagree with the sale of indulgences Monks (religious men) begin to disagree with the sale of indulgences Martin Luther writes 95 Theses about why it’s wrong to sell indulgences Martin Luther writes 95 Theses about why it’s wrong to sell indulgences Martin Luther, Author of the 95 Theses

11. The Church Responds The pope or leader of the Catholic Church excommunicates Martin Luther from the Church Luther continues to share his ideas and gains many followers who are called Lutherans

12. What can you learn from art? You work at a museum that is considering buying this painting by Jan van Eyck. It is a portrait of Chancellor Rolin, a powerful government official in Burgundy (later part of France). Before deciding, the museum director wants to know what this painting can teach the public about the Renaissance.

13. Chancellor Rolin Jan van Eyck 1.What can you infer about the setting of the painting? 2.What details in the painting give you an idea of the role of religion in society?

14. 1.Classical Art -Renaissance artists admired classical art. The columns show classical style. 2.Perspective – Van Eyck used the technique of perspective which shows distant objects as smaller than close ones. He also used oil paints, a new invention. 3.Religion – This painting portrays the infant Jesus and his mother Mary in 15 th - century Europe. Such a depiction shows the continuing importance of religion during the Renaissance. 4.The Individual – Renaissance artists portrayed the importance of individuals. Chancellor Rolin is wearing a fur-trimmed robe that shows his high status. 5.Beauty – Van Eyck included many details simply to add beauty. These include the design on the floor, the folds of Mary’s cloak, and the scenery outside.

15. List the similarities and differences for these two works of art.. Focus on the following: - facial expressions - Use of color - Amount of detail - Background - Use of light and shadow

16. (Mona Lisa is more realistic, uses shadows, and has darker, more subtle colors. Both artworks are finely detailed, especially the backgrounds.) Based on this analysis and information in the text, what can you conclude about Renaissance art? (more realistic than medieval art, especially in use of light, shadow and perspective.)

17. David Michelangelo

18. School of Athens Raphael