1. Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
Chapter 5
Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

2. Section 1: Elements

3. Vocabulary
Element Pure substance Metal Nonmetal Metalloid

4. Vocabulary Element Pure substance
Substance that cannot be broken down or be separated into simpler substances by chemical means
Pure substance
Either an element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties

5. Vocabulary Metal Non Metal Metalloid Element that is shiny,
good conductor of heat & electricity
Non Metal
Does not conduct heat or electricity
Metalloid
Element with properties of both metal and nonmetal

6. Elements, the simplest substance
Elements are pure
Made of atoms
Each element, only has one type of atom
Silver only has silver atoms in it
Each atom in an element is identical to each other

7. Classifying Elements
Each element is classified by its unique properties
These properties don’t change based upon the amount of the element
10 kilograms of silver has the same properties of 1 milligram of silver

8. Classifying Elements
Characteristic properties include both physical and chemical properties
Hardness, melting point, density
Reactivity or flammability
These properties can be used to identify elements

9. Grouping Elements
3 major groups of elements
Metal
Nonmetal
Metalloid

10. Grouping Elements Metals Good conductors of heat
Good conductors of electricity
Malleable
Can be shaped
Ductile
Can be drawn into
wires

11. Grouping Elements Nonmetals Dull Poor conductors of heat & electricity
Not shiny
Poor conductors of heat & electricity
Solids tend to be brittle
Unmalleable
Few objects made of purely of nonmetals

12. Grouping Elements Metalloids Semi-metals
Have properties of both metals & nonmetals
some are shiny
Some conduct electricity
Some are dull
Some malleable
Etc….

13. Section 2: Compounds

14. Vocabulary
Compound
Pure substance composed of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined

15. Compound: Made of Elements
Elements combine through chemical changes
Chemical changes mean a new substance
Think water
Hydrogen gas + oxygen gas = water

16. Compound: Made of Elements
Chemical changes (reactions) rearrange the atoms
Form in various patterns
Properties of new substance are different than original atom.

17. Properties of Compounds
Compounds have unique properties from the elements that made it
Always join in specific ratios

18. Breaking Down Compounds
Compounds can only be broken by chemical changes
Example --- soda
Carbonic acid is release from the water/sugar
Creates that fizz
Fizz or bubbles is a sign of chemical change

19. Breaking Down Compounds
Chemical breakdown is harder than physical changes
Generally energy is needed for a chemical change

20. Compounds in Your World
Compounds are everywhere in your world
Industry
Plastics
Metal alloys
Nature
Water
Sucrose (sugar)

21. Section 3: Mixtures

22. Vocabulary
Mixture Solution Solute Solvent Concentration Solubility

23. Vocabulary Mixture Solution Solute
Combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined
Solution
Homogenous mixture
2 or more substances are evenly dispersed
Solute
Item to be dissolved

24. Vocabulary Solvent Concentration Solubility
substance that dissolves the solvent
Concentration
Amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture or solution
Solubility
Ability of a substance to dissolve

25. Properties of Mixtures
No chemical changes
So substance still has same chemical make up
Can be separated by physical method

26. Properties of Mixtures
Common Ways to Separate mixtures
Distillation
Magnet
Centrifuge

27. Properties of Mixtures
Ratios of particles in a mixture can vary
Remember that in compounds, the ratio is fixed

28. Solutions
Homogenous mixture
Particles are evenly mixed throughout

29. Solutions

30. Solutions
Examples
Soda
Gasoline
Air
Alloys
Mix of 2 or more metals

31. Concentration of Solution
Amount of solute in solvent
Normally expressed in grams per milliliter
Solubility of a solute depends on temperature
Normally higher solubility with higher temperature