8.  Electricity provides us with …  Heat  Light  Sound  Motion

12.  Electrons are the only particle of an atom that can move from one atom to another  Electrons have a negative charge, protons have a positive charge  Everything in environment carries either a positive, negative, or neutral charge  Add electrons and an atom becomes more negatively charged  Take away electrons and an atom becomes more positively charged  Charged atoms are called IONS

13.  Electrons will move when they have a “push” of energy from  A Battery  A Power Plant or other Energy Source  The energy is then transferred through a conductive material, usually wires or cables, this flow of electrons (negative charges) is called an electrical current

14.  Electrons flow from areas of negative charge to areas with a positive charge in a current  If the current runs in a circular path from the battery or power source it is called a circuit

15.  Conductors-electrons flow easily through them  Examples: metals such as copper, gold, silver  Semi-Conductors-electrons move less easily through them  Examples: aluminum, zinc, silicon  Insulators-electrons DO NOT flow easily through them  Examples: rubber, paper, plastic, wood

16.  Ever notice that your phone becomes warm when you are using it, or a plug in an outlet feels warm when you remove it?  This is because electrons have MASS, it is extremely small, but enough so that when electrons are flowing some of them bump into each other, creating HEAT  WARNING: The safest way to charge electronics is to turn them off while they are charging, otherwise you could start a FIRE!

17.  Don’t over connect outlets!  State Farm Holiday Safety Video State Farm Holiday Safety Video

18.  Usually burn fuel which heats water and creates steam  Steam turns turbine which turns a rod with a magnet  Causes electrons to flow around a wire wrapped around the magnet  Electrons then carried by wires throughout the region

20.  Batteries use energy stored in chemicals to allow electric current to flow  Once the energy is used up, the current can no longer flow  The current will flow from the negative end of the battery to the positive end Negative end-ANODE Positive end-CATHODE

21.  Called “non-moving” electricity  Created when there is a build up of electrons on one object and they try to neutralize with another positively charged object  The charge “jumps” from one object to the other

22. 3 parts: 1. Any two charged objects will create a force on each other 2. Opposite charges will produce an attractive force (such as N and S pole of magnet) 3. Similar charges will produce a repulsive force (such as N and N side of magnet)

23.  Electric Field - region in space where electric forces act on charges Lightning over Icelandic Volcano 2010

24.  Big static electric sparks occur when opposite charges between clouds or between the clouds and the ground try to neutralize  Can happen from sky to ground or ground to sky  Video Video

25.  Avoid water  Avoid high ground  Avoid open spaces  Avoid metal objects  Electricity will follow shortest path to the ground, make sure that isn’t through YOU!  If in an open area, lay flat on the ground  If you are in a car, stay in it, you are SAFE, anyone know why?

26.  Metallic enclosures that prevent the entry or escape of an electromagnetic field  A CAR is basically a faraday cage!  Electricity will travel around metal shell of the car and into the ground and will not go through it  Sweet Home Faraday Suit Video Sweet Home Faraday Suit Video

28.  Flow of charge always in one direction  Battery charged objects

29.  Flow of charge back and forth, changing its direction many times in one second.  Plugs and outlets / household

30.  Advantages of Alternating Current:  Voltage can be raised or lowered  More efficient over long distances

31.  Volts-measure of the force or pressure under which electricity flows  Amps-measure of the flow rate of electrons or how much current moves through the wire in 1 second  Watt-measure of electrical power created  Water Faucet analogy  Faucet turned on all the way-high voltage and amps  Faucet barely turned on dripping water-low voltage and amps

32.  Watts=Volts x Amps or W=V x A