1. World History/Geo Sept 30th , 2015
Warm Up:
What is culture?
What is religion?

2. Culture
Culture refers to the beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that, together, form a people's way of life.
Culture determines how we view the world around us
Culture includes the traditions we inherit and pass on to the next generation
Culture: totality of our shared language, knowledge, material objects, and behavior

3. Culture and Society
Society: the structure of relationships within which culture is created and shared through regularized patterns of social interaction
Society provides the context within which our relationships with the external world develop
How we structure society constrains the kind of culture we construct
Cultural preferences vary across societies
Many modern societies are multicultural---their people follow various ways of life that blend and sometimes clash.

4. Components of Culture Symbols Language Values and Beliefs Norms
Material and Non Material Culture

5. Symbols
Symbols are defined as anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share culture.
The meaning of the same symbols varies from society to society, within a single society, and over time.
Examples: a flag, a word, a flashing red light, a raised fist, an animal
* non-verbal gestures can be very “symbolic” and diverse.
-Diverse meanings can be given to different variations of the same object, for example, the winking of an eye.

6. With a Shoulder Partner think of “Symbols” of our culture
With a Shoulder Partner think of “Symbols” of our culture. Be sure to write them down in your notebooks!

7. Language Language Function of language:
A system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another.
Function of language:
-Enhances communication (“lets make sure we’re on the same page”)
-Ensures continuity of culture (story telling)
-Identifies societies or groups (group specific words)
-Determines how a person is perceived by others (proper grammar vs slang)
Examples of the teenage culture
Sick
Dope
Bomb
For Schizzle my Snizzle
Fo sho
Whack
My bad
Dawg or is it Dog, or is it Dogg (Snoop)

8. Values and Beliefs Values and Beliefs
-VALUES are culturally defined standards by which people assess desirability, goodness, and beauty and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.
BELIEFS are specific statements that people hold to be true (e.g. The possibility that the US will one day have a female president - based on the shared value of equal opportunity)

9. Norms
- Norms are the agreed-upon expectations and rules by which a culture guides the behavior of its members in any given situation.
TYPES
PROSCRIPTIVE
Should nots, prohibited
PRESCRIPTIVE
Shoulds, prescribed like medicine

10. Types of Norms
There are four basic types of norms that sociologists commonly refer to: folkways, mores, taboos, and laws.
Folkways, sometimes known as “conventions” or “customs,” are standards of behavior that are socially approved but not morally significant.
For example, belching loudly after eating dinner at someone else's home breaks an American folkway.
Mores are norms of morality. Breaking mores, like attending church in the nude, will offend most people of a culture.
Certain behaviors are considered Taboo, meaning a culture absolutely forbids them, like incest in U.S. culture.
Finally, Laws are a formal body of rules enacted by the state and backed by the power of the state. Virtually all taboos, like child abuse, are enacted into law, although not all mores are.
For example, wearing a bikini to church may be offensive, but it is not against the law.

11. With a different shoulder partner, think of some norms in our culture

12. Material and Non Material Culture
Material culture reflects a society’s values and a society’s technology, the knowledge that people apply to the task of living in their surroundings.
Examples include books, buildings, physical objects that future generations can use to try and understand us.
Non Material Culture reflects beliefs, values, concepts, customs
Examples include Beliefs, values, Religions, ethics and philosophies

13. Types of Culture High culture Popular culture Subculture
Cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite
Popular culture
Cultural patterns that are widespread among society’s population
Subculture
Cultural patterns set apart some segment of society’s population
Counterculture
Cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society

14. High Culture
Museum, art gallery, opera, etc

15. Pop Culture
The latest trend

16. Sub Culture
Scooter Club
Old car Club
Gangs
Rave Parties

17. Counter Culture

18. Material and Non Material Culture
Material culture reflects a society’s values and a society’s technology, the knowledge that people apply to the task of living in their surroundings.
Examples include books, buildings, physical objects that future generations can use to try and understand us.
Non Material Culture reflects beliefs, values, concepts, customs
Examples include Beliefs, values, Religions, ethics and philosophies

19. CULTURAL CHANGES -This takes place in 3 ways:
INVENTION - creating new cultural elements
Telephone or airplane
DISCOVERY – recognizing and understanding something
already in existence
X-rays or DNA
DIFFUSION – the spread of cultural traits from one society
to another
Jazz music or much of the English language

20. Exit:
Create a culture web using the five components of culture we discussed today