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WWI Era : Home Front (What happens at home?)
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Economics :Financing The War with Liberty Bonds U.S. economy not prepared for a war Government borrowed money from US citizens by issued Liberty Bonds Bonds - Redeemed in the future for face value plus interest (what are bonds you ask?)(what are bonds you ask?) Bond Advertisements raised $20 billion Boy & Girl scouts advertised Artists drew posters Actors & actresses - advertised
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Economics: Managing the Private Economy Gov’t managed industry by Agencies Agencies worked to increase war related output & establish price controls Created daylight savings Distributed raw materials Set standard wages, hours, conditions Gov’t Rations for citizens Lever Food & Fuel Control Act - 1917 Rationing was implemented for food & fuel Instituted gasless days
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Enforcing Loyalty Government Censorship Censorship of the press & banning certain publications Use of Propaganda Committee of Public Information created in order to rally war support Public fear of foreigners & terrorism led to restrictions on immigration General hostility towards Germans: German composers and musicians banned from playing Hamburger renamed the Liberty Sandwich Some Germans were assaulted and lynched
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Repressing Civil Liberties Espionage Act - 1917 Illegal to interfere with the draft Sedition Act – 1918 Illegal to obstruct the sale of Liberty Bonds Illegal to say anything disloyal, profane or abusive about gov’t, constitution & military Repression of Freedoms of Speech, criticism, dissent
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Social Changes Restrictions on immigration & the draft depletes the labor pool... Great Migration starts - 500K African Americans moved from S. states to N. factories Opportunities for women 400K women joined the workforce
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Social Changes : The Great Migration Northbound movement of nearly six million African Americans between 1915 and 1970 http://vellastrations.wordpress.com/2011/02/26/what-is-the-great-migration/
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Social Changes Prohibition was passed in 1917 Outlawed the manufacturing, sale, transportation & consumption of alcohol in the United States Alcohol required wheat and grain, which was needed to support the war effort.
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