1. PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT ARE SOME EARLY SIGNS OF PREGNANCY? MISSED PERIOD BREASTS BECOME SORE/TENDER SPOTTING FATIGUE NAUSEA FREQUENT URINATION HEADACHES BACK PAIN DIZZINESS

2. Uterus: The organ in the lower body of a woman or female mammal where offspring are conceived and in which they gestate before birth; the womb. Zygote: A cell that is formed when an egg and a sperm combine. Embryo: A human or animal in the early stages of development before it is born, hatched. Fetus: A human being or animal in the later stages of development before it is born.

3. Amnion: A thin membrane forming a closed sac about the embryos or fetuses of reptiles, birds, and mammals and containing the amniotic fluid.amniotic Viability: capable of living or of developing into a living thing Genotype: All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group

4. Ultrasound: Diagnostic ultrasound, also called sonography or diagnostic medical sonography, is an imaging method that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of structures within your body. The images can provide valuable information for diagnosing and treating a variety of diseases and conditions.

5. Amniocentesis: The sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for developmental abnormalities in a fetus. Chorionic Villus: Any of the minute fingerlike projections of the fetal chorion that contain fetal blood vessels and that combine with maternal uterine tissue to form the placenta.

6. Premature Baby: A premature birth is when a baby is born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. A full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks. Important growth and development occur throughout pregnancy - especially in the final months and weeks. Because they are born too early, preemies weigh much less than full-term babies

7. Small for Date: babies are those who are smaller in size than normal for the gestational age, most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age.gestational agepercentile APGAR: (Activity, Pulse, Grimace, Appearance, and Respiration). The Apgar score is a simple assessment of how a baby is doing at birth, which helps determine whether your newborn is ready to meet the world without additional medical assistance.

8. NBAS: (Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale). a scale developed by T. Berry Brazelton for evaluating the neurologic condition and behavior of a newborn by assessing his or her alertness, motor maturity, irritability, consolability, and interaction with people. It consists of a series of 27 reaction tests, including response to inanimate objects, pinprick, light, and the sound of a rattle or bell. ★ Training is necessary to be able to administer the assessment

9. Teratogens: agents that can potentially cause birth defects or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes of your baby

10. FROM CONCEPTION TO BIRTH PERIOD OF THE ZYGOTE PERIOD OF THE EMBRYO PERIOD OF THE FETUS

11. PERIOD OF THE ZYGOTE BEGINS WHEN EGG IS FERTILIZED IN THE FALLOPIAN TUBE. PERIOD OF RAPID CELL DIVISION ENDS 2 WEEKS LATER WHEN THE ZYGOTE IS IMPLANTED IN THE WALL OF THE UTERUS

12. PERIOD OF THE ZYGOTE

13. PERIOD OF THE EMBRYO FROM 3 TO 8 WEEKS AFTER CONCEPTION BODY PARTS ARE FORMED DURING THIS PERIOD EMBRYO RESTS IN THE AMNION FILLED WITH AMNIOTIC FLUID UMBILICAL CORD JOINS EMBRYO TO PLACENTA

14. PRENATAL STRUCTURES

15. PERIOD OF THE FETUS FROM 9 WEEKS AFTER CONCEPTION TO BIRTH INCREASE IN SIZE AND SYSTEMS BEGIN TO FUNCTION AGE OF VIABILITY: 22 TO 28 WEEKS

16. Conception Ordinarily, a woman produces one ovum (egg cell) per month from one of her two ovaries. The ovum is released from an ovary roughly midway between two menstrual periods. If it is not fertilized, the ovum travels from the ovary down the fallopian tube toward the uterus, where it gradually disintegrates and is expelled as part of the next menstrual flow. If a couple has intercourse during the crucial few days when the ovum is in the fallopian tube, one of the millions of sperm ejaculated as part of each male orgasm may travel the full distance through the woman’s vagina, cervix, and uterus into the fallopian tube and penetrate the ovum. A child is conceived.

17. Nine Months in the Womb & Real Footage of Developing Embryo and Fetus

18. FIRST MONTH BY THE END OF THE FIRST MONTH, THE EMBRYO IS ABOUT 1/10 OF AN INCH LONG. THE HEART, WHICH IS NO LARGER THAN A POPPY SEED, HAS BEGUN BEATING.

19. FIRST MONTH

20. TWO MONTHS THE EMBRYO IS ABOUT 1 INCH LONG AND HAS DISTINCT, SLIGHTLY WEBBED FINGERS. VEINS ARE CLEARLY VISIBLE. THE HEART HAS DIVIDED INTO RIGHT AND LEFT CHAMBERS.

21. TWO MONTHS

22. THREE MONTHS BY NOW THE FETUS IS 2 1/2 TO 3 INCHES LONG AND IS FULLY FORMED. SHE HAS BEGUN SWALLOWING AND KICKING. ALL ORGANS AND MUSCLES HAVE FORMED AND ARE BEGINNING TO FUNCTION.

23. FOUR MONTHS YOUR BABY IS COVERED WITH A LAYER OF THICK, DOWNY HAIR CALLED LANUGO. HIS HEARTBEAT CAN BE HEARD CLEARLY. THIS IS WHEN YOU MAY FEEL YOUR BABY'S FIRST KICK.

24. PREMATURE BABY BORN WITH LANUGO STILL PRESENT

25. FOUR MONTHS

26. FIVE MONTHS A PROTECTIVE COATING CALLED VERNIX CASEOSA BEGINS TO FORM ON BABY'S SKIN. BY THE END OF THIS MONTH, YOUR BABY WILL BE NEARLY EIGHT INCHES LONG AND WEIGH ALMOST A POUND.

27. SIX MONTHS EYEBROWS AND EYELIDS ARE VISIBLE. YOUR BABY'S LUNGS ARE FILLED WITH AMNIOTIC FLUID, AND SHE HAS STARTED BREATHING MOTIONS. IF YOU TALK OR SING, SHE CAN HEAR YOU.

28. 6 MONTHS

29. SEVEN MONTHS BY THE END OF THE SEVENTH MONTH, YOUR BABY WEIGHS ABOUT 3 1/2 POUNDS AND IS ABOUT 12 INCHES LONG. HIS BODY IS WELL- FORMED. FINGERNAILS COVER HIS FINGERTIPS

31. EIGHT MONTHS YOUR BABY IS GAINING ABOUT HALF A POUND PER WEEK, AND LAYERS OF FAT ARE PILING ON. HE HAS PROBABLY TURNED HEAD-DOWN IN PREPARATION FOR BIRTH. HE WEIGHS BETWEEN 4 AND 6 POUNDS.

33. NINE MONTHS YOUR BABY IS A HEFTY 6 TO 9 POUNDS AND MEASURES BETWEEN 19 AND 22 INCHES. AS HE/She BECOMES MORE CROWDED, YOU MAY FEEL HIM MOVE AROUND LESS.

34. Assignment - My Birth Story

35. Reviewing the Stages of Fetal Development Claymation Activity

36. INFLUENCES ON PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT GENERAL RISK FACTORS TERATOGENS: DISEASES, DRUGS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS HOW TERATOGENS INFLUENCE PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

37. GENERAL RISK FACTORS NUTRITION: ADEQUATE AMOUNT OF FOOD, PROTEIN, VITAMINS, & MINERALS STRESS: DECREASES OXYGEN TO FETUS AND WEAKENS MOTHER’S IMMUNE SYSTEM MOTHER’S AGE: NEITHER TOO YOUNG, NOR TOO OLD

38. TERATOGENS: DISEASES, DRUGS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS MANY DISEASES PASS THROUGH THE PLACENTA DIRECTLY AND ATTACK THE FETUS POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS DRUGS NOT LIMITED TO HARD DRUGS LIKE COCAINE, CAN INCLUDE DRUGS LIKE ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE TOO. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS ARE TREACHEROUS BECAUSE WE’RE OFTEN UNAWARE OF THEIR PRESENCE

39. HOW TERATOGENS INFLUENCE PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT NOT UNIVERSALLY HARMFUL HARM PARTICULAR STRUCTURES AT A PARTICULAR POINT IN DEVELOPMENT IN PARTICULAR ANIMALS

40. EFFECTS OF TERATOGENS Link to Fertility and Pregnancy

41. HOW TERATOGENS INFLUENCE PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT THE EFFECT OF THE TERATOGEN DEPENDS ON THE GENOTYPE OF THE ORGANISM THE IMPACT OF TERATOGENS CHANGE OVER THE COURSE OF THE PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT EACH TERATOGEN AFFECTS A SPECIFIC ASPECT OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT THE IMPACT OF TERATOGENS DEPENDS ON THE DOSAGE DAMAGE FROM TERATOGENS IS NOT ALWAYS EVIDENT AT BIRTH

42. PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT DIAGNOSIS: ULTRASOUND, AMNIOCENTESIS, AND CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING CAN DETECT PHYSICAL DEFORMITIES AND GENETIC DISORDERS TREATMENT: FETAL MEDICINE AND GENETIC ENGINEERING ARE EXPERIMENTAL

43. PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS AmniocentesisChorionic Villus Sampling

44. THE THALIDOMIDE TRAGEDY THE SHADOW OF THE THALIDOMIDE TRAGEDY THE SHADOW OF THE THALIDOMIDE TRAGEDY

45. LABOR AND DELIVERY STAGE 1: STARTS WHEN THE MUSCLES OF THE UTERUS CONTRACT AND ENDS WHEN THE CERVIX IS FULLY ENLARGED (ABOUT 10 CM) STAGE 2: BABY IS PUSHED DOWN THE BIRTH CANAL STAGE 3: PLACENTA IS EXPELLED

46. THREE STAGES OF LABOR

47. APPROACHES TO CHILDBIRTH CHILDBIRTH CLASSES PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH CHILDBIRTH CLASSES TEACH PAIN CONTROL THROUGH DEEP BREATHING, IMAGERY, AND SUPPORTIVE COACHING MOTHERS WHO ATTEND CLASSES USE LESS MEDICATION DURING LABOR AND FEEL MORE POSITIVE ABOUT LABOR AND BIRTH (One reason is that the mother's stress levels may go down, because she feels better prepared.

48. BIRTHING VIDEO & Life Before Birth Life Before Birth Documentary

49. BIRTH COMPLICATIONS LACK OF OXYGEN (ANOXIA): OFTEN LEADS TO SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE FETUS (C-SECTION) PREMATURE AND SMALL-FOR-DATE INFANTS PREMATURITY IS LESS SERIOUS THAN SMALL-FOR-DATE

50. THE NEWBORN ASSESSING THE NEWBORN: APGAR TO ASSESS NEWBORNS’ HEALTH & NBAS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF INFANTS 4 PRIMARY STATES: ALERT INACTIVITY, WAKING ACTIVITY, CRYING, SLEEPING HALF OF NEWBORNS’ SLEEP IS REM (DEEP SLEEP) PUTTING THE BABY TO SLEEP ON THEIR BACK MAY PREVENT SIDS

51. Fraternal (dizygotic) twins- Children carried in the same pregnancy but who develop from two separately fertilized ova. They are no more alike genetically than other pairs of siblings. Identical (monozygotic) twins - Children carried in the same pregnancy who develop from the same fertilized ovum. They are genetic clones of each other. Twins

52. In most cases, babies are conceived and born one at a time. However, 3 out of every 100 births in the United States today are multiple births This number has risen dramatically in recent decades, in large part because widely prescribed new medications given to infertile women frequently stimulate multiple ovulation BUT

53. Fraternal twins develop when two ova have been produced and both have been fertilized, each by a separate sperm. Such twins, also called dizygotic twins, are no more alike genetically than any other pair of siblings and may not even be of the same sex.

54. The remaining one-third of twins are identical twins (also called monozygotic twins). In such cases, a single fertilized ovum apparently initially divides in the normal way, but then for unknown reasons separates into two parts, with each part developing into a separate individual.

55. In The Womb: Multiples

56. POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION HALF OF ALL NEW MOMS FEEL SOME IRRITATION, RESENTMENT, AND CRYING 10-15% FEEL MORE SEVERE POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AFFECTS WARMTH AND ENTHUSIASM OF MOTHERING

57. The postpartum period begins immediately after the birth of a baby and continues for six weeks, as the mother’s body returns itself to a non-pregnant state. Welcoming a new baby home is both an exciting and stressful time.

58. Parents experience a range of new feelings including: Extreme fatigue as they complete new tasks with little sleep Anxious about changes in their routines Overwhelmed by the constant demands of an infant Physical discomfort and/or pain from delivery Isolation from family, friends and work colleagues Concern about the well-being of their other children Financial stress All of these emotions are perfectly natural following the birth of a new baby.

59. Handout (Pgs 2&3) Baby Blues, Post-partum Depression, Bonding With Baby, and Seeking Support from Other Parents

60. September 2 nd, 2008 Elliotte Clark David Gordon