1. Noun Notes

2. Noun A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Person nouns: Bob, mom, sister, teacher, student Place nouns: Paris, school, home, Scottsboro Thing nouns: desk, Elmo, computer, pen Idea nouns: happiness, tiredness, sadness

3. Compound Nouns Some nouns are compound nouns. They may be written as one word, a hyphenated word, or as two or more words. Examples: grandmother, basketball, father-in-law, grand piano

4. Proper and Common Nouns A proper noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea. Always begins with a capital letter. A common noun names any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas. Usually not capitalized.

5. Common and Proper Noun Examples Proper Nouns: President Barak Obama, Australia, English, Statue of Liberty, Playstation, Harry Potter Common Nouns: student, teacher, statue, country, state, love

6. Collective Nouns A collective noun is a singular noun that names a group of persons, animals, or things. Examples: class, team, band Animal groups: herd of reindeer, flock of sheep, pack of wolves, pod of whales, gaggle of geese, pride of lions, colony of ants

7. Concrete Nouns A concrete noun names a person, place, or thing that can be seen, heard, touched, or smelled. Concrete noun examples: food, concrete, dog, cat, pen, book, shoe

8. Abstract Nouns An abstract noun names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic. Abstract examples: sadness, happiness, fatigue, anger, stress

9. Jobs of Nouns Subject of the sentence Direct Object Indirect Object Object of the Preposition Predicate Noun Appositive

10. Singular and Plural Nouns A singular noun refers to one person, place, thing, or idea. – Examples: book, toy, car, boy, shoe A plural noun refers to more than one person, place, thing, or idea. – Examples: books, toys, cars, boys, shoes

11. Possessive Nouns A possessive noun shows ownership or relationship. Rules for forming possessive nouns: – To make a singular noun possessive, add an ‘s to the end of the word. – Examples: Mrs. Lewis’s class, boy’s bike, dog’s bone. – To make a plural noun possessive, add an ‘ after the s. – Examples: The Curtises’ mini van, the girls’ phones – To make an irregular plural noun possessive, add ‘s to the end of the word. – Examples: children’s books, deer’s hooves

12. Rules for correctly forming plurals 1.For most singular nouns, add s to the end of the word. Examples: girls, boys, pencils 2. For nouns ending with s, x, z, sh, or ch, add es to the end of the word. Examples: gases, boxes, churches, waxes, waltzes, marshes

13. 3. For nouns ending with a consonant and y, change the y to i and add -es. Examples: lady-ladies, hobby-hobbies 4. For nouns ending with a vowel and y, add s to the end of the word. Examples: toy-toys, highway-highways

14. 5. For some nouns ending with f or fe, add s. For others, change the f to v and add s or es. Examples: gulfs, beliefs, knives, loaves, wolves 6. For nouns that end with o, if o is preceded by a vowel, add s. Examples: patio- patios, ratio- ratios

15. 7. If o is preceded by a consonant, add es to the end of the word. Examples: veto-vetoes, hero-heroes 8. Some nouns have irregular plural forms. Examples: man-men, foot-feet, child-children

16. 9. A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms. Examples: deer, salmon, sheep, fish, buffalo. 10. A few nouns have only plural forms. Examples: scissors, pants, jeans, shorts

17. 11. A few nouns that end with s look plural, but are considered singular. Examples: news, measles, United States 12. For a compound noun written as one word, make the last part plural. Examples: basketballs, billboards

18. 13. For a compound noun written with hyphens or as a separate word, make the main word plural. Examples: sisters- in-law, chiefs-of-state, track meets, grand pianos