1. < BackNext >PreviewMain The Atmosphere Preview Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation

2. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 1. The map shows the locations of low- pressure and high-pressure belts across North and South America. Why is pressure low at the equator relative to pressure at 30°N or 30°S latitude? A Cold air sinks at the equator and causes an area of low pressure. B Cold air at the poles rises and causes an area of high pressure. C Warm air at the equator rises and causes an area of low pressure. D Warm air at the poles sinks and causes an area of high pressure.

3. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 1. The map shows the locations of low- pressure and high-pressure belts across North and South America. Why is pressure low at the equator relative to pressure at 30°N or 30°S latitude? A Cold air sinks at the equator and causes an area of low pressure. B Cold air at the poles rises and causes an area of high pressure. C Warm air at the equator rises and causes an area of low pressure. D Warm air at the poles sinks and causes an area of high pressure.

4. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 2. If the same amount of radiation hit the following surfaces, which surface would transfer the most thermal energy to the air above it? A a maple forest B a parking lot C an ocean bay D a cornfield

5. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 2. If the same amount of radiation hit the following surfaces, which surface would transfer the most thermal energy to the air above it? A a maple forest B a parking lot C an ocean bay D a cornfield

6. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 3. As the sun heats the surface of the ocean, some of the water evaporates and enters the air. How does water vapor move in the atmosphere? A by waves B by clouds C by conduction D by convection

7. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 3. As the sun heats the surface of the ocean, some of the water evaporates and enters the air. How does water vapor move in the atmosphere? A by waves B by clouds C by conduction D by convection

8. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 4. What factors affect the temperature of precipitation such that snow falls in the winter and rain falls in the summer? A changes in Earth’s rotation and the Coriolis effect B changes in rates of evaporation and in cloud cover C changes in the location of pressure belts and the directions of winds D change in the amount of direct sunlight that reaches Earth’s surface

9. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 4. What factors affect the temperature of precipitation such that snow falls in the winter and rain falls in the summer? A changes in Earth’s rotation and the Coriolis effect B changes in rates of evaporation and in cloud cover C changes in the location of pressure belts and the directions of winds D change in the amount of direct sunlight that reaches Earth’s surface

10. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 5. Why is the top of the mesosphere colder than the top of the troposphere? A There are fewer gases that absorb solar energy in the mesosphere. B The troposphere is closer to the sun than the mesosphere is. C Particles are far apart in the mesosphere, so they do not transfer energy. D The mesosphere contains less ozone than the troposphere does.

11. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 5. Why is the top of the mesosphere colder than the top of the troposphere? A There are fewer gases that absorb solar energy in the mesosphere. B The troposphere is closer to the sun than the mesosphere is. C Particles are far apart in the mesosphere, so they do not transfer energy. D The mesosphere contains less ozone than the troposphere does.

12. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 6. Area A, which has high pressure, is located next to Area B, which has low pressure. The wind is blowing hard toward Area B. Which of the following is most likely to occur if the temperature in Area B decreases slightly? A The wind will blow harder toward Area B. B The wind will blow more softly toward Area B. C The wind will stop blowing. D The wind will start blowing toward Area A.

13. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 6. Area A, which has high pressure, is located next to Area B, which has low pressure. The wind is blowing hard toward Area B. Which of the following is most likely to occur if the temperature in Area B decreases slightly? A The wind will blow harder toward Area B. B The wind will blow more softly toward Area B. C The wind will stop blowing. D The wind will start blowing toward Area A.

14. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 7. Sammy feels an ocean breeze as he plays volleyball at the beach. Why do ocean winds blow toward shore during the day? A Earth’s rotation causes air to blow toward land. B The energy of ocean storms pushes air toward shore. C Air over the beach heats up, rises, and is replaced by ocean air. D Ocean air is less dense, so it moves in to replace air over the land.

15. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 7. Sammy feels an ocean breeze as he plays volleyball at the beach. Why do ocean winds blow toward shore during the day? A Earth’s rotation causes air to blow toward land. B The energy of ocean storms pushes air toward shore. C Air over the beach heats up, rises, and is replaced by ocean air. D Ocean air is less dense, so it moves in to replace air over the land.

16. < BackNext >PreviewMain 8. Four cities at the same latitude have different average high air temperatures during August. Which city of the four would be most likely to have the warmest average high temperature in August? A a large city with many buildings B a large city with many lakes and parks C a small city next to a river D a large city next to the ocean Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation

17. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 8. Four cities at the same latitude have different average high air temperatures during August. Which city of the four would be most likely to have the warmest average high temperature in August? A a large city with many buildings B a large city with many lakes and parks C a small city next to a river D a large city next to the ocean

18. < BackNext >PreviewMain A 0.9686% B 1.3256% C 93.39% D 96.86% Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 9. Chloe made the table as part of a field investigation about atmospheric gases. What percentage of air is made up of the gases listed in the table?

19. < BackNext >PreviewMain A 0.9686% B 1.3256% C 93.39% D 96.86% Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 9. Chloe made the table as part of a field investigation about atmospheric gases. What percentage of air is made up of the gases listed in the table?

20. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 10. Clean air is a natural resource that can be contaminated by pollution. Name three actions that you can take to reduce the amount of indoor or outdoor air pollution. Explain how each action would reduce pollution.

21. < BackNext >PreviewMain 10. Answer - Full credit answers should include the following points: Try to walk or ride my bike instead of riding in the car. This would reduce gases that cause smog and acid rain. Use less electricity at home and at school. If electricity is generated from a coal plant, using less would decrease emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. Make sure appliances and the furnace are properly vented, to reduce concentrations of harmful nitrogen oxides and dangerous carbon monoxide. Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation

22. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 11. How is the greenhouse effect related to the water cycle? What might happen to the water cycle as greenhouse gases increase?

23. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 15 CRCT Preparation 11. Answer - Full credit answers should include the following points: The greenhouse effect warms Earth’s atmosphere. Warm temperatures in the atmosphere cause evaporation of water from oceans, lakes, and streams. Water vapor condenses into clouds. These clouds return water to Earth as precipitation. As greenhouse gases increase, Earth’s atmosphere could get hotter. Warmer temperatures in the atmosphere may cause water to cycle through the atmosphere more quickly.