1. Classification of Matter Properties of Matter
Unit 1 – Matter
Classification of Matter
Properties of Matter

2. Can it be physically separated?
A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be physically separated?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element
Colloids
Suspensions

4. Pure Substances 1. Element (oxygen, aluminum, hydrogen)
composed of identical atoms
Simplest pure substance
Cant be separated chemically
EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

5. Pure Substances 2. Compound
composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
properties differ from those of individual elements
EX: table salt (NaCl)

6. Overall Atom- smallest unit of an element
Element- Basic substance that can’t be simplified
O, Al, H
Molecule- 2 or more atoms chemically joined together
H2, H20, O2
Smallest unit of a compound
Compound- 2 or more elements joined
H20, CO2, MH4
**all compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds

7. (suspensions & colloids)
Mixtures
Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances physically combined.
Heterogeneous
uneven distribution
(suspensions & colloids)
Homogeneous
even distribution
( solutions)

8. Mixtures 1. Solution homogeneous very small particles
no Tyndall effect
Tyndall Effect
particles don’t settle
EX: rubbing alcohol

9. Mixtures 2. Colloid heterogeneous medium-sized particles
Tyndall effect
particles don’t settle
EX: milk

10. The Tyndall Effect
Colloids scatter light, making a beam visible. Solutions do not scatter light.
Which glass contains a colloid?
colloid
solution

11. Mixtures 3. Suspension heterogeneous large particles – can see
Tyndall effect
particles settle
(needs to be shaken)
EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade

12. Mixtures Examples: jello muddy water Fog saltwater
Italian salad dressing
colloid
suspension
solution

15. Mixtures vs. Compounds Components may be in any proportion
Individual components retain their own identities
Components may be separated physically
When mixture is formed there is little to no evidence of a reaction
Components are in fixed proportions
Individual components lose their identities, new set of properties result
Components may be separated only chemically
When compound is formed there is evidence of a reaction

16. DO NOW
List 3 ways science is used to help solve criminal investigations

17. PROBLEM
This morning someone left me a ransom note in black ink and they stole my puppy
I have a few suspects, I need you all to help me find out who is responsible:
Landlord: A
Neighbor: B
Mailman: C
Ex-boyfriend: D
Sister: E

19. Separation of a Mixture
The constituents of the mixture retain their identity and may be separated by physical means.

20. Physical Separation Techniques
Difference in Densities (density column – some objects float in others)
Filtration (separate solids from liquids)
Magnetism
Chromatography
Distillation (separation by boiling points)
Evaporation (separate solids and liquids)

21. Filtration
Separates solids from liquids

22. Density

23. Magnetism

24. Separation of a Mixture
The components of dyes such as ink may be separated by paper chromatography.

25. Separation of a Mixture
Separates 2 liquids based on boiling point
Distillation

26. Evaporation
Separates solids from liquids

27. DO NOW What is the tyndall effect?
List 3 types of separation techniques
Describe a physical and chemical change

28. Types of Properties Physical
Properties that describe the substance itself, rather than describing how it can change
Example: boiling point, color, size, density
Chemical
Properties that describe the substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into other substances
Example: charcoal has the ability to burn in air, flammable

29. Types of Physical Properties
depend on the amount of matter that is present.
Extensive properties
Volume & length
Mass
Energy Content (think Calories!)
do not depend on the amount of matter present.
Intensive properties
Melting point
Boiling point
Density
Color

30. Changes in Matter Physical Change
Change in form or state of matter without altering chemical composition
Examples: slicing a banana, boiling water, dissolving sugar
Chemical Change
Changing substance into new substance by reorganizing atoms…chemical bonds are made or broken
Examples: burning, rusting, copper turns green, digestion

31. 5 Indicators of a chemical change
Color Change
Light emitted (glow sticks, candle burning)
Temperature change (happens on its own – you don’t supply heat)
Precipitate forms (solid from 2 liquids)
Gas production (you see bubbles)

32. Three Phases

33. Solids Definite shape/definite volume
Molecules are tightly packed, but can still move slightly
Most Dense state of matter (because particles are the closest)
**LEAST ENERGY

34. Liquids
Definite volume/no definite shape (takes the shape of its container)
Fluid – because it “flows”
Particles are not as close as solids, but are more dense than gases

35. Gases No definite shape or volume
Least dense of the 3 states of matter because the particles are far apart
**MOST ENERGY

36. Which state of matter are they?

37. Phase Differences
Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions.
Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positions
Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one another

38. Phase Changes Freezing (liquid to solid) Melting (solid to liquid)
Evaporation (liquid to gas)
Condensation (gas to liquid)
Sublimation (solid to gas)
Deposition (gas to solid)
**** Phase changes are PHYSICAL changes!!!!

39. Freezing
Liquid to solid

40. Melting
Solid to liquid

41. Evaporation
Liquid to gas

42. Condensation
Gas to Liquid
Water vapor in air turns into liquid water

43. Sublimation
Solid to Gas

44. Deposition
Gas to Solid

46. DO NOW Write these down & answer:
What does the Tyndall effect compare?
What are the separation of mixture techniques?
What is condensation?
What is evaporation?
What is the difference between a mixture and pure substance?
What is a precipitate?

47. EXAM PROCEDURE
PLACE EVERYTHING AT BACK OF ROOM (including cell phone)!
Have pencil and sheet of paper only