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HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS Janice Price, M.Ed, RN Swedish Medical Center HIV Research Program
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TESTS CBC: Complete Blood Count Serum Chemistries Liver Function/ Amylase Lipids: Blood Fats Immune System: CD4 & Viral Load
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CBC: Complete Blood Count Red Blood Cells: RBC White Blood Cells:WBC Platelets: Plts Serum/Plasma
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Blood Cell Types
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Bone Marrow All Blood Cells made in bone marrow. Bone Marrow is the spongy centers of bones sometimes seen in cuts of meat
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Stem Cells Stem cells are young cells All blood cells start as stem cells They get “drafted” as RBCs, WBCs or platelets depending on the body’s needs
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Red Blood Cells Called erythrocytes “cytes” = cells Shaped like bagel with hole covered over Filled with hemoglobin that carries oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the body. Utah State University
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White Blood Cells WBCs are disease fighters Some make antibodies and some fight invaders directly Divided into categories depending on function and what they look like.
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Types of White Cells Lymphocytes: B and T cells. Agranulocytes Granulocytes: polymorphonucleocoytes mostly neutrophils (55-80%), also basophils and eosonophils Monocytes: mature into macrophages (big eaters)
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A macrophage attacking a bacteria with a cellular extension called a pseudopod
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Abbreviations RBC = Red Blood Cell WBC = White Blood Cell HCT = Hematocrit Hbg = Hemoglobin ANC = Absolute Neutrophil Count
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CBC
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TESTS OF IMMUNE FUNCTION A human cell infected with a rhinovirus ruptures, relasing millions of new viruses
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A human T-helper cell is under attack by HIV virus
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Viral Load Tests PCR: Most common. Usually expressed has HIV-1 PCR in copies per milliliter. Roche Amplicor bDNA: values are different. Usually ½ of PCR value NASBA: nucleic acid sequence based amplification. Values are also different
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UNDETECTABLE VIRAL LOAD DOES NOT MEAN NO VIRUS PRESENT Remember: there are other places for virus to hide
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Viral Load Expressed as Log 10 x = viral load
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Genotype/Phenotype
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Blood Types
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