1. Submitted to: Submitted by:
Practical training seminar
400KV G.S.S. BIKANER
Submitted to: Submitted by:

2. INTRODUCTION
As the formation of Rajasthan in April,1949 there were 15 state owned power houses with a total installed capacity of KW and an aggregate maximum demand on the stations of approximately 7483 KW.
Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd. is the transmission company and three regional distribution companies namely Jaipur Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Ltd., Ajmer Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Ltd. And Jodhpur Vidyut Vitaran Ltd. Are under it.
The transmission company will own and operates all the 400KV, 220KV,132KV and 66KV electricity lines and system in state and also responsible for producing power as per demand.

3. CONTENTS GENERAL DISCUSSION ON SUB STATIONS FEEDERS TRANSFORMERS
CIRCUIT BREAKERS PT CT
RELAY LA
WAVE TRAP
ISOLATER

4. Various Incoming And Outgoing Lines :-
400KV incoming line from Suratgarh.
220KV outgoing and incoming line from Bikaner 1.
220KV outgoing feeders :
3.1. Bikaner 1
3.2. Bikaner 2
3.3. Nagaur
3.4. Dungargarh

5. Single line diagram of 400 kv GSS, Bikaner:-

6. TRANSFORMER A Transformer is a device that :-
It is a mutual link in power system. Which makes possible to low voltage to be step up to the extra high voltage for long distance transmission and then transferred to voltage for utilization at proper load centre.
A Transformer is a device that :-
Transfer electric power from one circuit to another.
It does so without change of frequency.
It accomplishes this by electromagnetic induction.
Types of transformer:-
Step-up
Step-down

7. TRANSFORMER
It is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit through the medium of magnetic field without a change in frequency.

8. TRANSFORMER COOLING Types of cooling:-
Cooling is necessary for the power transformers to moderate their efficiency and to avoid malfunctioning
Types of cooling:-
Natural cooling
Air cooling
Forced oil coiling
Water cooling

9. CIRCUIT BREAKERS
They are used to operate on the fault either on line or with transformer, depending upon where it is connected.
This isolates the faulty line or equipments from the live portion of the substation by opening automatically through protective relay, control cables etc, in a definite time.

10. Main types of Circuit Breaker :-
1. Air circuit breaker
2. Air blast circuit breaker
3. Oil circuit breaker
4. SF6 circuit breaker

12. C. T. & P.T. CT:- PT:- STEPING DOWN VOLTAGE STEPING DOWN CURRENT
FOR MEASURMENT
PT:-
STEPING DOWN VOLTAGE
FOR PURPOSE OF PROTECTION

13. RELAY:-
A relay is a device that detects the fault & initiates the operation of the circuit breaker to isolate the defective element from the rest of the system.
It detects the abnormal conditions by costantly measuring the electrical quantities (voltage, current, frequency & phase angle) which are different under normal & fault conditions.

14. Types Of Relays :-
Over voltage relays.
Over current relays.
Earth fault relays.
Directional relays.
Differential relays.
Buchholz’s relays.

15. LIGHTNING ARRESTOR Lighting arrestor is a device which protects
the overhead lines and
other electrical
apparatus viz,
transformer from
overhead voltages
and lighting.

16. Types of Lightning Arrester:-
Rod Gap arrester
Horn gap arrester
Multi gap arrester
Expulsion type LA
Valve type LA
Silicon Carbide Arrestors
Metal Oxide Arrestors

17. INSULATOR
In order to avoid current leakage to the earth, through the supporting structure provided to the overhead transmission lines, insulator are used. Insulator are similar in function to other insulator used in sub station and transmission poles and towers.
As insulators should have following characteristics :
High insulation resistance.
High mechanical strength.
No internal impurity or crack disc.
Generally Porcelain or Glass is used as material for insulator. Porcelain because of its low cost is more common.

18. Insulator

19. WAVE TRAP
It is used to prevent high frequency signals from entering other zones.
   
Line trap shall be inserted into high voltage transmission line to prevent undue loss of carrier signal for all power system conditions.

20. ISOLATORS
Isolators which are also called disconnect switches or air break switches after the assembly as per drawings on the leveled structures the adjustment of connecting pipes, moving and fixed contacts is done so that all the three phase of the isolator close and open simultaneously and there is a full surface contact between moving and fixed contacts.