1. 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 18

2. 2 Midterm October 22: 30 multiple choice questions (1 point each), five definitions (2 points each). October 24: 5 short answer questions (2-6 points each). The exam is worth 25% of your final grade. The exam will be scored out of 60 points.

3. 3 Please arrive on time to facilitate rapid distribution of the exams. Bring a pencil, eraser, pen, and your student ID to the exam. All electronic devices must be put away before the start of the exam. Hats (e.g., baseball caps) should not be worn during the exam.

4. 4 The Endocrine System 2.How are hormonal levels regulated? 1.What are some of the major hormones released by the endocrine glands? (continued)

5. 5 By the end of today’s class, you should be able to: 1. identify hormones released by distinct endocrine glands and their functions. 3. describe the process of negative feedback associated with hormonal regulation. 2. describe the causes and symptoms of disorders associated with endocrine abnormalities.

6. 6 Thyroxine  Released by the thyroid gland.  Influences metabolic rate and alertness, associated with reflexes. What are some of the major hormones released by the endocrine glands? (continued)

7. 7 Goiter

8. 8 Cretinism

9. 9 Cortisol  Released by adrenal cortex.  Increases levels of blood glucose, accelerates protein metabolism, produces anti-imflammatory effect.

10. 10 Cushing’s Syndrome

11. 11 Cushing’s Syndrome

12. 12 Melatonin  Released by pineal gland.  Associated with sleep, maintenance of circadian rhythms. Antioxidant effects. Ephinephrine, Norephinephrine  Released by the adrenal medulla.  Prepare the body for “flight or fight”, under direct control of sympathetic neurons.

13. 13 Estradiol  Released by the ovaries.  Associated with the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, influences secretion of FSH and LH associated with ovulation.

14. 14 Testosterone  Released by the testes.  Associated with the development of male primary and secondary sexual characteristics and sperm production.

15. 15 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

16. 16 How are hormonal levels regulated? Hormone release is regulated by three types of signals: 1. Neural signals. 2. Hormonal signals. 3. Non-hormone chemical signals (e.g., glucose, calcium).

17. Hormonal Negative Feedback Loop 17

18. Thyroxine Negative Feedback Loop 18

19. 19 The Endocrine System 2.How are hormonal levels regulated? 1.What are some of the major hormones released by the endocrine glands? (continued)