2. Circulatory System Blood Endocrine System Senses Nervous System 50 40 30 20 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50

3. What is the function of neuroglial cells? Protection and support of the neurons

4. What is the function of the dendrite? Transmit impulses to the cell body

5. What is the all or nothing principle? An AP is triggered when a threshold stimulus is applied

6. What two factors determine the rate of an action potential? Diameter of axon and myelination

7. List the two main structures found in the CNS. Brain and spinal cord

8. What is the name of the photopigment found in the rods? Rhodopsin

9. What is the function of the lens? Refracts light to be focused on retina

10. What happens to the ciliary muscles and lens when you look at a distant object? Muscles relax, lens is elongated

11. What is the area of the retina that does not produce an image called? Optic disc (blind spot)

12. Describe two symptoms of glaucoma. Loss of peripheral vision, intraocular pressure exceeding 25 mmHg

13. What are the endocrine cells in the pancreas called? Islets of Langerhans

14. Which of the following is not an example of an endocrine gland? (Sweat, adrenal, parathyroid, pituitary or pineal gland) Sweat gland

15. What two hormones are responsible for regulating blood calcium levels? Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

16. What hormone is typically regulated by positive feedback? Oxytocin

17. What two hormones are involved in the fight or flight response? Epinephrine and norepinephrine

18. If a mother and her fetus have an incompatible Rh factor, what disorder would result? Erythroblastosis fetalis

19. Define hemocrit. Measure of percent of volume of whole blood that is made up of RBC

20. Define hemopoiesis. Blood cell formation

21. What prevents blood loss in a damaged vessel? Hemostasis (platelet plug formation, vascular spasm, coagulation)

22. Describe antigens, antibodies and Rh factor found in A- and B+ individuals A- carries A antigens; anti- B antibodies and no Rh B+ carries B antigens; anti-A antibodies and Rh

23. What surrounds the heart? What is its function? Pericardium; protects heart from overextension

24. What is the function of the atrio-ventricular (AV) valves? Prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atrium

25. What is the pacemaker of the heart? SA node (sinoatrial node)

26. How are veins and arteries different structurally? Veins have valves

27. What is the function of capillaries? Exchange of gases and nutrients between cells and blood