1. Arousal and Sleep Reticular formation

2. About sleep 1. All birds and mammals show characteristic sleep/wake cycles. 2. sleep is an active state(recorded by EEG) 3. bottlenose dolphins

3. Sleep stages sleep is divided into two broad types: rapid eye movement (REM) non-rapid eye movement (NREM or non-REM) sleep. Regulating by reticular activating system

4. Sleep process REM sleep NREM sleep electroencephalography (EEG ) of sleep stages

5. Cerebrum Brainstem Regulating Stimulating For Sleep Stimulating For Arousal Reticular Formation 1.Pon 2.Medulla Midbrain Melatonin(hormone) produced by pineal gland Melatonin(hormone) produced by pineal gland

6. Reticular Formation 1.maintaining tone, balance, and posture 2. integrating stimuli motor coordination 3. gaze centers, central pattern generators 4. the cardiac and vasomotor centers of the medulla oblongata movement Function

7. 5. pain modulation 6. habituation 7. sleep and arousal Defining signals

8. reticular activating system

9. For example In our lives 1.Car accident 2.Boxing 3.Coffee 4.Learning Disorder 1.Schizophrenia 2.Rapid eye movement behavior disorder

10. reference