1. Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

2. Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration: The breakdown of food (glucose) for energy Takes place in all organisms: a. Plants b. Animals c. Bacteria d. One-celled paramecium and amoeba. A process that occurs continuously in all organisms.

3. Useable Energy ATP: energy used at the cellular level 1.mitosis 2. protein production 3. active transport ATP is also used by the body 4. movement 5. breathing 6. thinking…etc…

4. Useable Energy ATP is made in two ways: –Aerobic Cellular Respiration: if oxygen is used –Anaerobic Cellular Respiration: if oxygen is not used

5. ATP Also known as Adenosine Triphosphate. It contains: 1. Adenine - contains nitrogen 2. A sugar called ribose 3. 3 phosphates with 2 high energy phosphate bonds

6. Recycled ATP Removing ARemoving A Phosphate Group From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADP Adding A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATPAdding A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATP Remove Add ATPADP + P

7. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION Takes place in the mitochondria of plants and animals Oxygen is necessary SUMMARY EQUATION: C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 12 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + 36 ATP glucose + oxygen water + carbon dioxide + 36 ATP

8. 3 Steps - AEROBIC RESPIRATION 1.Glycolysis 2.Kreb’s Cycle 3.Electron Transport Chain

9. Aerobic respiration Step 1 is called Glycolysis Kreb’s cycle Glucose Glycolysis in the Cytoplasm Pyruvate Electron Transport Chain

10. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION FERMENTATION: - also known as anaerobic respiration –Carried out where oxygen is lacking –Still uses glucose as fuel Two types: –Lactic Acid Fermentation: Makes 2 ATP Associated with muscle fatigue –Ethyl Alcohol Fermentation: Makes 2 ATP Important to the brewing and baking industries

11. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION vs. AEROBIC RESPIRATION Glucose Glycolysis in the cytoplasm pyruvate Glycolysis in the cytoplasm pyruvate Electron Transport Chain Kreb’s Cycle

12. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION vs. AEROBIC RESPIRATION Kreb’s Cycle Pyruvate

13. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis: process where plants use sunlight to make (glucose) –The energy for life comes from the Sun

14. Photosynthesis SUMMARY EQUATION: 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O +  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight  glucose + oxygen

15. Photosynthesis - starts with light

16. Photosynthesis Chloroplasts: organelles that carry on photosynthesis Follow the sun’s path. 1. Sun’s rays hits a leaf 2. Enters into a plant cell 3. Enters into a chloroplast 4. Enters into thylakoid membrane (where photosynthesis takes place)

17. Where in the Chloroplasts does Photosynthesis occur? Thylakoid membrane

18. They need one another (glucose)

19. Also during Photosynthesis Photolysis - the process where sunlight splits water this. H 2 O + sunlight H + O + electrons The Oxygen from photolysis is the air we breathe

20. Respiration and Photosynthesis RespirationPhotosynthesis Organelle: Reactants: Produces: Organism: When does it take place?: MitochondriaChloroplast O 2 and C 6 H 12 O 6 Sunlight, CO 2 and H 2 O Energy (ATP)Food (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Animals and Plants Plants All the time (24/7) Only during sunlight