1. RAH Day 33 Agenda Goal – to understand that religion played a role in Jimmy Carter’s life and presidency and that Reagan later became the darling of the Religious Right and initiated a new era of conservatism Finish answers to questions below from p 4 reading –1- What role did religion play in Carter’s life? –2 - To what religion did Carter adhere? –3 - How did religion affect his presidential decisions? –4 - What positions on issues did evangelicals take? –5 - In what ways did Carter act differently from the Moral Majority? –6 - How might the Moral Majority affect politics and government in the future? Questions from homework? Complete Packet P 2 about New Conservatives Complete p 8 re: Reagan’s policies Complete PSSA preparation reading activity packet p 9 and 10 by reading pages 11-16 about the Reagan Administration’s view of government and the economy.

2. Problems faced by Carter and his policies 6. Distrust of politiciansDistrust of politicians Carter promised never to lie and made very public his Christian faith and Christian morality 7. Energy crisisEnergy crisisMade speeches to encourage Americans to conserve, signed law that created the Dept. of Energy Signed National Energy Act – tax on gas guzzling cars, removed price controls on oil and gas, tax credits for research into alternative fuels 8. Troubled economy Called for voluntary wage and price controls, cut federal spending, deregulated transportation and called for the Fed Reserve Board to raise interest rates 9. discriminationAppointed Andrew Young,a black to be UN Ambassador, Hired blacks and women in his administration, appointed minorities to judicial posts, required federal agencies to implement affirmative action for hiring, but Carter supported the Court’s Bakke decision

3. 10. Human rights issues Foreign policy – ended aid to brazil and Argentina and Nicaragua because of their human rights abuses, tried to get the Shah of Iran to use less repression and force, called forcefully for the USSR to respect human rights 11. Panama CanalCarter pushed hard to improve relations with Latin America by pushing the Senate to approve two treaties that would give the Canal back to Panama and would allow the US to use force to defend the neutrality of the Canal Zone – both passed by one vote 12. Cold War Tensions SALT II treaty worked on, but was withdrawn from Senate consideration when USSR invaded Afghanistan, US withdrew from 1980 summer games in Moscow and placed grain embargo on USSR to protest Afghan war, normalized relations with ChinaChina 13. Middle East Tensions Brought Sadat of Egypt and Begin of Israel to Camp David to sign a peace deal ending the state of war b/t the two countries; Iran revolution ousted Shah and took 52 Americans hostage at US embassy in TehranIran

4. 1 - What role did religion play in Carter’s life? He was a born-again Christian which he claimed gave him inner peace, confidence and a focus on morality, family and marriage 2 - To what religion did Carter adhere? Evangelical Christianity 3 - How did religion affect his presidential decisions? He claims that it guided him to focus on human rights, focus on family, strengthening families and marriage through speeches and leadership and to focus civil rights issues 4 - What positions on issues did evangelicals take? Prayer in school, money for Christian schools (vouchers) opposed abortion, homosexuality, gay rights and the ERA 5 - In what ways did Carter act differently from the Moral Majority? Carter was pro-choice, pro-equal treatment for women, blacks, gays and believed in secular education 6 - How might the Moral Majority affect politics and government in the future? Focus on hot-button issues like abortion and gay rights to bring out voters, vote as a large block for conservative candidates like Reagan.

5. 5. The conservative coalition is not a monolithic all-powerful single institution. It is a collection and an uneasy marriage of the political and economic conservatives of 1964 Republic presidential nominee Barry Goldwaterites who want small federal government, few social welfare programs and low taxes and few regulations on businesses with social conservatives who want morality-based laws. This joining of forces came as a reaction to the increase in the federal government power and social welfare expansion of the great society coupled with the excesses and instability of the liberal sixties social movements and cultural changes of the counter-culture manifesting themselves in the me- generation excesses of the 70s. Together, the social and politico-economic conservatives planned on taking over the government and local, state and national levels and direct the US towards better morals, better values enacted into laws, while weakening the federal government’s power over the states and businesses. This alliance then got many people to the polls in 1980 to elect the conservative Ronald Reagan as President and a Republican Senate The New Conservatives – membership CRQ5

6. 6. The conservative coalition had a variety of disparate goals: Cut taxes, deregulate businesses, change or repeal lots of social welfare programs, weaken civil rights legislation, allow the states to be less regulated by the federal government, strengthen the military, build more prisons, stronger drug laws, weaker gun laws, end desegregation programs, fight communism, weaken environmental laws and the EPA, control inflation. Outlaw abortion, put prayer back in school, criminalize gay behavior, oppose the Equal Rights Amendment and women’s liberation, post the10 Commandments in public places, oppose teaching evolution, outlaw pornography, make divorce harder to get, fight against out of wedlock births The New Conservatives – goals CRQ6

7. Evangelism defined by National Association of Evangelicals We believe the Bible to be the inspired, the only infallible, authoritative Word of God.inspiredGod We believe that there is one God, eternally existent in three persons: Father, Son and Holy Spirit. We believe in the deity of our Lord Jesus Christ, in His virgin birth, in His sinless life, in His miracles, in His vicarious and atoning death through His shed blood, in His bodily resurrection, in His ascension to the right hand of the Father, and in His personal return in power and glory.virgin birthsinless liferesurrection We believe that for the salvation of lost and sinful people, regeneration by the Holy Spirit is absolutely essential.salvation

8. Individuals – religious leaders Jerry Falwell – Moral Majority, Inc. and Liberty U Pat Robertson - Christian Coalition, Christian Broadcasting (700 Club) Jimmy Swaggart Billy Graham Jim Bakker Ideological conservatives William F Buckley - National Review William Kristol – The Weekly Standard Richard Viguerie Phyllis Schlaffly – opposed ERA Paul Weyrich – founded Heritage Foundation Groups Conservative Coalition New Right Evangelicals Pat Robertson’s Christian Coalition founded 1988 Moral Majority, Inc. – founded in 1979 by Falwell – disbanded in 1989 and replaced by James Dobson’s Focus on the Family Republican Party Think Tanks – American Enterprise Institute, Heritage Foundation, CATO Institute Universities – Bob Jones U, Liberty U, Pepperdine U, Oral Roberts U Business groups Conservative Movement

9. Positions on Issues – 1.opposed to abortion, 2.promote traditional family structures, 3.oppose gun control, 4.oppose ERA, 5.wanted to shrink or abolish entitlement programs like welfare, Social Security, Medicare and medicaid, 6.opposed integration and busing, 7.promoted prayer in school, 8.cutting taxes, 9.reducing government regulations on businesses, 10.promoting federal funding for religious schools, 11.stronger national defense, 12.opposed divorce, 13.gov’t power to local and state governments.

10. Goal: stimulate economystimulate economy Method: cut gov’t spending on social programs and lowered income taxes Result: Slashed poverty programs like Women, Infant and Child (WIC) program cut even though 22% of all US children lived in poverty, cut school lunch program and student loans.poverty programs No spending on AIDS research until after 1986 Massive Tax cuts for the rich - top tax rate decreased from 70% in 1980 to 50% in 1982 to 28% in 1988 while the tax rate for the median income 1980 – 28%, 1982 - 29%, 1988 – 28% Gap between rich and poor got wider, cities got poorerrich and poor Little change in SS & Medicare Recession until 1982, then significant GDP growth to 1989, decrease in inflation, increase in jobs, wages, and confidence in economy Massive increase in national debt and federal government yearly deficits, Trade deficit p 8 - Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush - Reaganomics

11. Reagan’s solutions to the above problems Supply-Side economics = Reaganomics 1.Cut gov’t spending, especially entitlement programs 2.Cut taxes, especially on businesses and the wealthy 3.Simplify the depreciation schedule 4.Cut business regulations including environmental enforcement 5.Improve monetary policy 6.Promote confidence in the US 7.Cut and limit government activity related to business Producer/supplier of goods and services Consumer of goods and services Keynesian policy Government $$$ - welfare, jobs, housing subsidies, food stamps

12. 1.Cut gov’t spending, especially entitlement programs 2.Cut taxes, especially on businesses and the wealthy 3.Simplify the depreciation schedule 4.Cut business regulations including environmental enforcement 5.Improve monetary policy 6.Promote confidence in the US 7.Cut and limit government activity related to business Reagan’s solutions to the above problems Supply-Side economics = Reaganomics Producer/supplier of goods and services Consumer of goods and services Supply side policy Government Business tax cuts, investment tax cuts, deregulation, lower interest rates Trickle $ $ $ Down

14. Goal: stimulate economy Method: increase spending on military Result: new weapons systems like MX nuclear missile, the B-1 long- range bomber Plans for the Strategic Defense Initiative SDI otherwise known as Star Wars Huge budget deficits and national debt increases Goal: promote traditional values and morality Method: naming conservative judges to federal judiciaryconservative judges Results: overturned or weakened laws about abortion (but it remained legal today), affirmative action, civil rights for women, criminal rights and discrimination protections (especially for gays and women) Other methods – pushing for tougher laws against drugs, indecency p 8 - Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush

15. Goal: reduce the size and power of federal gov’t Method: deregulate savings and loan industry (and other industries) Results: huge screw up in the S and L industry leading to massive bankruptcies of these institutions and the FSLIC bailout of over $200 billion Increases in mergers and acquisitions leading to massive new companies but also new innovations and competition leading to lowered prices and better products Method: cut EPA Result: severe decrease in environmental prosecutions, increased logging, grazing and mining and sale of public lands leading to increased pollution and habitat loss p 8 - Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush