1. Solutions & Solubility Chemistry Mrs. Stoops General Chapter16 Accelerated Chapter 13

2. Parts of a Solution What is being dissolved What is DOING the dissolving

3. MiscibleImmiscible Miscible and Immiscible describe whether two liquids will mix with each other or not

4. Factors that Affect Solution Formation StirringParticle Size Temperature

5. Solubility - saturated Ability to be dissolved

6. Solubility - Supersaturated Highly unstable Saturated solution that was heated and more solute was added. Then the solution was cooled slowly Addition of one piece can cause crystals to form (shown above)

7. Factors affecting solubility PressureTemperature Gases only The type of substance – solute and solvent interaction

8. Solubility Graph Amount that can dissolve Above the line On the line Below the line There is extra Completely dissolves More could dissolve

9. What is solubility of KNO 3 at 50  C? 80 g per 100 mL H 2 O If the temperature changes from 90  C to 50  C, what happens to NH 4 Cl? 20 g falls out of solution

10. Units of Concentration Need to be more specific than “a lot” or “a little” Describes how much solute is dissolved in a solution Examples include: –Ppm –Ppb –Molarity –% by mass –% by volume –Molality –And others

11. Molarity Describes amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solution Units are molar (or molarity) Abbreviated M Can be whole numbers or decimals

12. Molarity Examples Determine the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 15 gKCl into 25 mL of water Part 1 Part 2

13. Molarity Examples What mass of MgCl 2 is needed to make a 250 mL solution that has a molarity of 0.15M? Part 1 0.0375 mol MgCl 2 Part 2

14. % by Mass Compares the amount of solute (or solvent) in a certain amount of solution By mass (so grams usually)

15. Example If the percent (mass/mass) for a solute is 4 % and the mass of the solution is 200 g, what is the mass of solute in the solution?

16. % by Volume Same as % by mass except uses volume Usually mL or L

17. Example If the volume of solute is 6.0 mL and volume of solution is 300.0 mL, what is the solute’s percent by volume?