1. Vegetation: grass (Brachiaria brizantha) or Bare Soil or Rice Tower Data Acquisition Power System (solar panel) The Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia – km 77 RK Sakai, DR Fitzjarrald, R Staebler, M. Czikowsky, A. Tsoyroef (1) OL Moraes, O Acevedo, R. Silva (2) E Brait, V M Silva (3) (1) SUNYA - (2) UFSM - (3) LBA office at Santarem

2. October 2000 pasture January 2002 plowed November 2001 burning Km 77: response to land use change Burn H LE C day night Albedos Soil moisture Net radiation 20002001 C CD-03 UAlbany/UFSM

3. and now… … since March 2002

4. Location:

5. 17.8 m: Sdw, Sup, Ldw,Lup,PARup, PARdw 12.0m: U,T,RH,[CO 2 ],[H 2 0] 8.7m: u’,v’,w’,T’, [CO 2 ]’,[H 2 0]’ 7.2m: U,T,RH,[CO 2 ],[H 2 0] 2.7m: U,T,RH,[CO 2 ],[H 2 0] pressure, precipitation, Sodar(no continuous) Soil probes: Tsoil (-0.14,-0.24,-0.5,-1.5,2.0 m) Gsoil (-0.19, -1.0m) Fsoil (-0.29 m) INSTRUMENTATION: Data has been collected since Sep. 2000

6. Eddy Correlation:

7. Energy Budget: Sdw > 10 W/m 2 Sdw > 10 W/m 2

8. Wet Season Dry Season Problems at nighttime !

10. Flux Tower SUNYA Tethered Balloon UFSM Accumulation Method

11. Transition Period - Morning

13. Nighttime

14. Coarse evaluation (Jul/30/2001): h  50 m @ 21:25, h  120 m @ 5:26 GMT If  q/  t  2 g/Kg / 8 hours: For h=50 m  LE  -10 W/m 2 h=120 m  LE  - 25 W/m 2 If  T /  t  5 0 C / 8 hours: For h=50 m  H  - 9 W/m 2 h=120 m  H  - 21 W/m 2 From Tower: Rn= -34 W/m 2

16. Km67 & 83 Rice Pasture wet Pasture dry Bare soil

17. daytime nighttime albedo PARalbedo Queimada Plantation

18. NEE values (using EC & profile): PeriodNEE mg m -2 s -1 NEE  mol m -2 s -1 Pasture wetJan-Jun 2001 -0.10  0.17-2.29  3.9 Pasture dryAgo- Oct2001 -0.06  0.14-1.47  3.2 Bare soilDec 2001- Feb 2002 +0.08  0.12+1.8  2.7 Rice cropMar- May 2002 -0.24  0.2-5.42  4.5

21. Summary & Future work - EC measurements and phenology are consistent -Defined Rain season and Dry season -Albedo/PAR-albedo have different behaviors - Fluxes at daytime are ok. Problems at nighttime – problems with carbon budget (respiration estimates). - Accumulation method can solve the problem. Estimates of NBL height using the unbalance of Energy Budget at night. Case studies with tethered balloon. -Needs to monitor the land use -> what’s going to happen next…