2. The Civil Rights Era 1954 – 1975 Objectives: Why efforts to gain civil rights created an effective movement for change How the Civil Rights movement led to social upheaval

3. A New Beginning Objectives Discuss the effects of the Brown vs. Board of Ed. Decision Describe major events in the early civil rights movement

4. Jim Crow Laws

5. Brown vs. Board of Ed Linda Brown was not allowed to attend an all-white school Case challenged 1896 Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy vs. Ferguson which upheld constitutionality of “separate but equal”

6. Brown vs. Board of Ed. (Continued) Supreme Court ruled in 1954 that segregation in schools was unconstitutional 101 southern members of Congress signed the “Southern Manifesto” and pledged to fight the decision Thurgood Marshall with James Nabrit Jr. and George E.C. Hayes

7. Rosa Parks December 1955, Montgomery Alabama, she was arrested for failing to give up seat on bus Boycott supported by African Americans and organized by Martin Luther King Jr.

8. Rosa Parks (continued) Bus boycott lasted 381 days Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public transportation was illegal in 1956 Started Civil Rights movement with an inspirational leader

9. Non-violent Resistance King drew from teachings of Gandhi Peaceful means to effect change Founded the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) Won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his non-violent leadership

10. Crisis in Little Rock Nine African American students were not admitted to the all-white Central High in Little Rock, Arkansas Orval Faubus authorized National Guard to prevent students from entering

11. Crisis in Little Rock (Continued) Faubus recalled National Guard but angry mob was threatening students Eisenhower sent in 1,000 paratroopers and federalized National Guard so the students could enter safely