1. The Industrial Revolution in America

2. What was the Industrial Revolution? 1

3. Industrial Revolution A period of rapid growth using machines for manufacturing and production. Began in the mid-1700s in England and came to America secretly via a British mechanic. 1

4. Who was Richard Arkwright? 2

5. Richard Arkwright 1769- Englishman who invented a spinning machine that produced cotton threads The spinning machine used water as its power source and thus became known as the water frame Arkwright was originally a wig maker 2

6. Richard Arkwright Spinning machine (water frame) - lowered the cost of cotton cloth and increased the speed of textile production 2

7. Who was Samuel Slater? 3

8. Slater, a British mechanic, disguised himself as a farmer and immigrated secretly from Great Britain. He memorized designs for British textile machines. Slater collaborated with American merchant Moses Brown and the two opened the first textile mill in the U.S. in Pawtucket, Rhode Island in 1793. 3

9. Pawtucket Mill Slater divided factory work into such simple steps that children aged four to ten could do it -- and did. Samuel Slater “Father of the American Factory System” 3

10. Why were most textile mills located in the North? 4

11. Industrial Revolution MMost American textile mills were located in the Northeast because of the many rivers and streams. NNE merchants had the $ to invest in new mills. 4

12. Who was Eli Whitney? 5

13. Eli Whitney Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 and revolutionized agriculture in the South. He also proposed the idea for mass production of guns using water-powered machinery, & created interchangeable parts which led to mass production of identical goods and the growth of division of labor. 5

14. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1793 Actually invented by a slave! Father of American Technology 5

15. Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle- the U.S. govt. gave Whitney 2 years to produce 10,000 guns- it took him 8 years 5

16. 6 Why was the growth of manufacturing so slow in America?

17. Industrial Revolution  Manufacturing increased slowly in the U.S. because we imported most of our goods from England.  British prices on goods were lower, & British factory workers were willing to work for lower wages, and U.S. investors did not want to spend money on new factories and machinery when there was little profit to be made. 6

18. Why did the U.S have a shortage of manufactured goods in 1812? 7

19. Industrial Revolution TThe War of 1812 left the United States with a shortage of manufactured goods because British ships blockaded eastern seaports. AAmericans were then forced to buy from American manufacturers. PProfits increased and manufacturers began expanding their factories. 7