1. Cellular Chemistry & Macromolecules Biology T. Meyer 2006 October 9, 2006

2. I. Atomic Structure A. Protons 1. Positive (+) particles in the nucleus of the atom. 2. Attracted to the electrons in the orbit of the atom

3. B. Neutrons 1. Neutral (no charge) 2. Gives the atom its mass 2. Gives the atom its mass C. Electrons 1. Negative (-) particles in the orbit of the atom 1. Negative (-) particles in the orbit of the atom 2. Attracted to the protons in the nucleus

4. Atomic Structure Nucleus Electron Orbit Neutron Proton

5. II. Atomic Vocabulary A. Atomic Number : the exact number of protons in the nucleus. Atomic NumberAtomic Number B. Atomic Mass : the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. C. Isotope : atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Fun Fact

6. Vocabulary Examples Carbon Atomic Number : 6 Atomic Mass: 12.011 Isotopes: C 12,13,14

7. http://www.mse.uiuc.edu/info/mse182/PeriodicTable.gif

8. III. Types of Atomic Bonds A. Covalent: Atomic bond where electrons are shared evenly. Ex: H:H B. Polar-Covalent: Atomic bond where electrons are shared unevenly giving a slight charge to the molecule. Ex: H 2 O

9. C. Ionic Bonding: Atomic bond where electrons are not shared evenly. Results in a charged molecule. Ex: NaCl - (Sodium Chloride)

10. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/27819/media/ionic.gif&imgrefurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/27819/ch2_2.shtml&h=234&w=216&sz=5&tbnid=D5- DLYg3udsJ:&tbnh=104&tbnw=96&hl=en&start=18&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dionic%2Bbond%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Dactive

11. Ionic BondsCovalent Bonds

12. IV. Types of Mixtures A. Mixtures: individual substances retain their own property. EX: Sand (SiO 2 ) and H 2 O B. Solutions: individual substance (solute) is distributed evenly in another (solvent). EX: Salt (NaCl) and H 2 O

13. C. Suspension: a combination of molecules in which some distribute evenly and some retain their own properties. (Mixture + Solution) EX: Blood EX: Blood

14. V. Acids vs. Bases A. Acid: substance that forms Hydrogen ions (H+) in water. B. Base: substance that forms Hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. C. pH Scale: scale used to determine acids and bases. Numbers 1-14. Neutral = 7 Acidic (+) = 1 - 6 Basic (-) = 8 - 14

15. Balancing Chemical Equations Law of Conservation of Matter: Matter cannot be created or destroyed, but can be rearranged. Example Problems: H 2 + O 2  H 2 O Chemical Equations

16. H 2 + O 2  H 2 O 2 Atoms of Hydrogen 2 Atoms of Oxygen ≠ 2 Atoms of Hydrogen 1 Atom of Oxygen Balanced 2H 2 + O 2  2H 2 O Chemical Bonds Video Chemical Bonds Video